Abstract
Recent milestones in the understanding of gastric acid secretion and treatment of acid-peptic disorders include the (1) discovery of histamine H(2)-receptors and development of histamine H(2)-receptor antagonists, (2) identification of H(+)K(+)-ATPase as the parietal cell proton pump and development of proton pump inhibitors, and (3) identification of Helicobacter pylori as the major cause of duodenal ulcer and development of effective eradication regimens. This review emphasizes the importance and relevance of gastric acid secretion and its regulation in health and disease. We review the physiology and pathophysiology of acid secretion as well as evidence regarding its inhibition in the management of acid-related clinical conditions.
MeSH terms
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Acetylcholine / metabolism
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Animals
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Anti-Ulcer Agents / adverse effects
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Anti-Ulcer Agents / therapeutic use
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Digestion
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Duodenal Ulcer / metabolism
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Duodenal Ulcer / physiopathology
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Eating
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Gastric Acid / metabolism*
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Gastric Mucosa / metabolism*
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Gastrins / metabolism
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Gastroesophageal Reflux / metabolism
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Gastroesophageal Reflux / physiopathology
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Gastrointestinal Diseases / drug therapy
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Gastrointestinal Diseases / metabolism*
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Gastrointestinal Diseases / microbiology
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Gastrointestinal Diseases / physiopathology
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H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase / metabolism
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Helicobacter Infections / metabolism
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Helicobacter Infections / physiopathology
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Helicobacter pylori
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Histamine / metabolism
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Histamine H2 Antagonists / adverse effects
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Histamine H2 Antagonists / therapeutic use
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Humans
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Ion Channels / metabolism
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Paracrine Communication
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Proton Pump Inhibitors / adverse effects
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Proton Pump Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Somatostatin / metabolism
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Stomach / drug effects
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Stomach / enzymology
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Stomach / innervation
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Stomach / microbiology
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Stomach Ulcer / metabolism
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Stomach Ulcer / physiopathology
Substances
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Anti-Ulcer Agents
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Gastrins
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Histamine H2 Antagonists
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Ion Channels
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Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Somatostatin
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Histamine
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H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase
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Acetylcholine