Archival ReportCognitive Behavioral Therapy and Tai Chi Reverse Cellular and Genomic Markers of Inflammation in Late-Life Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Section snippets
Participants
This randomized controlled trial was conducted from April 2006 to August 2011 with University of California, Los Angeles Institutional Review Board approval. As described (25), 123 community-dwelling adults older than 55 years of age who fulfilled criteria for primary insomnia in DSM-IV (53) and for general insomnia in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (54) were randomly assigned to CBT-I, TCC, or SS (2:2:1). Complete inclusion criteria are provided in Supplement 1.
Interventions
Each group
Baseline Characteristics of the Patients
A total of 294 subjects underwent baseline assessment; 207 were eligible, and 123 completed baseline (Figure S1 in Supplement 1). Treatment groups were comparable with regard to background characteristics (Table 1); none of these variables was included as a covariate. A total of 112 (92%) participants completed the assigned interventions (month 4), and 108 (89%) completed follow-up (month 16). Those who did not complete the intervention were younger (t121 = 2.12; p < .05) and had higher scores
Discussion
Given mounting evidence that insomnia patients are at greater risk for depression, medical comorbidities, and mortality (8); that sleep disturbance is associated with inflammation (6, 8, 20, 21); and that inflammation can lead to increased risk of depression (9, 66), cardiovascular disease (11), diabetes mellitus (14), and certain cancers (67, 68, 69), this study is significant by examining for the first time the efficacy of insomnia treatment on inflammation. These novel results link sleep
Acknowledgments And Disclosures
This work was supported by Grant R01-AG034588 from the National Institute of Aging; other Grant support from the National Institutes of Health to MRI, including R01-CA119159, R01-HL079955, R01 HL095799, P30-AG028748, P30-AG017265, and UL RR 033176; the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology; and UCLA Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center. The National Institutes of Health had no role in the design and conduct of the study.
We thank all the study participants for their support
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