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Anticoagulation control of pharmacist-managed collaborative care versus usual care in Thailand

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Abstract

Objective There has been a lack of evidence of the effects of pharmacist-managed warfarin therapy (PMWT) in developing countries (e.g. Southeast Asian countries) where the patients’ characteristics, genetic make-up, clinical practice and healthcare system are different from the Western world. This study aimed to compare the anticoagulation control and clinical outcomes associated with warfarin therapy provided by PMWT to usual care (UC) in the Thai population. Setting A 1,000-bed tertiary-care hospital in Nakornratchasima province of Thailand. Method A quasi-experimental study comparing PMWT and UC in patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy. For PMWT group, clinical pharmacists optimised the warfarin therapy and suggested recommendations (e.g. dose adjustment, safer alternative drugs, and follow-up time) to physicians. The UC group received the standard care. Main outcome measure Time in therapeutic range (TTR), both actual- and expanded-TTR, bleeding and thromboembolic complications, and physician’ acceptance of pharmacist suggestions. Results Of 433 patients enrolled, 220 and 213 were in the PMWT and UC groups respectively. At baseline, patient’s characteristics of both groups were comparable. At the end of follow-up period, patients in the PMWT group had significantly higher actual-TTR (48.3% vs. 40.1%; P < 0.001) and expanded-TTR (62.7% vs. 53.9%; P < 0.001) compared to those in the UC group. Rates of major bleeding were 4.4 vs 4.5 events per 100 person-years for the PMWT and UC groups, respectively. Pharmacists performed 284 interventions with an acceptance rate of 80.3% from physicians. Conclusion Pharmacist-managed warfarin therapy resulted in a significantly better anticoagulation control. This study showed that a collaborative approach in anticoagulation management can be successfully implemented in a developing country. Implementation of such care model in other developing countries should be considered.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge and thank the Maharat Nakornratchasima Hospital for granting permission to use data provided in this study and Prof. Dr. Jayanton Patumanond for statistics suggestion. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Bancha Sookananchai, Dr. Damri Sethachinda, Dr. Tongprakob Siriwanij, Mrs. Amonrat Pangthaisong, CCTS staffs, and all pharmacists for their significant contribution for this project.

Funding

The grant was supported by the Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand, under the program Strategic Scholarships for Frontier Research Network for the Ph.D. Program Thai Doctoral degree.

Conflicts of interest

No conflicts of interest to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Surasak Saokaew

  2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand

    Surasak Saokaew

  3. Department of Pharmacy, Maharat Nakornratchasima Hospital, Nakornratchasima, Thailand

    Ubonwan Sapoo

  4. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Surakit Nathisuwan

  5. Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research (CPOR), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

    Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk

  6. School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk

  7. School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

    Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk

  8. Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Unchalee Permsuwan

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  1. Surasak Saokaew
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  2. Ubonwan Sapoo
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Correspondence to Surakit Nathisuwan.

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Saokaew, S., Sapoo, U., Nathisuwan, S. et al. Anticoagulation control of pharmacist-managed collaborative care versus usual care in Thailand. Int J Clin Pharm 34, 105–112 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9597-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9597-8

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