Table 1

Mechanisms of hepatic injury/fibrosis and corresponding disease states

	Alcoholic liver disease	NAFLD	HBV	HCV	Drug effects	HIV-specific effects	Autoimmune disease	Senescence
Oxidative stress	+	++	+++	+++	+	++
Mitochondrial injury	++	+			++	++
Lipotoxicity		+++			+
Immune mediated			+	+		++	+++
Cytotoxic						+
Accumulation of toxic metabolite	+++				+++
Gut microbial translocation	+	+				+++
Systemic inflammation		++	++	++		+++
Senescence								+++
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia					+	+++

+, mild contribution; ++, moderate contribution; +++, significant contribution.
HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.