Table 1

Demographic, anthropometric and health history differences between the NAFLD participants with and without metabolic syndrome

	Metabolic syndrome		No metabolic syndrome
Characteristic	N	Mean±SD (%)	N	Mean±SD (%)	p Value*
Demographic
Age at enrolment, mean±SD	240	47.6±12.4	116	46.0±12.4	0.18
Race/ethnicity (N, %)					0.03
White (not Hispanic)	189	79.1	81	69.8
Other (not Hispanic)	21	8.8	10	8.6
Hispanic	29	12.1	25	21.6
Male gender (N, %)	98	40.1	51	44.0	0.57
Anthropometric
BMI (kg/m²), mean±SD	239	34.0±5.8	116	33.0±6.6	0.31
BMI classification (N, %)					<0.001
Normal	2	0.8	10	8.6
Overweight	45	18.8	46	39.7
Obese	192	80.3	60	51.7
Weight (kg)	240	100.8±21.6	116	89.6±18.0	<0.001
Hip circumference (cm)	239	118.5±13.4	113	111.9±13.7	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	240	110.8±13.5	113	102.2±12.3	<0.001
Waist-to-hip ratio CVD risk category (sex-adjusted): (N, %)					<0.001
Low risk	37	15.5	43	37.7
Moderate risk	67	28.0	22	19.3
High risk	135	56.5	49	43.0
Medical history and clinical
Family history diabetes (N, %)	118	49.2	53	45.7	0.54
Family history liver disease (N, %)	55	22.9	35	30.2	0.14
Prediabetes† (N, %)	127	52.9	46	39.7	0.02
Ever dx high blood lipids (N, %)	125	52.1	45	38.8	0.02
Ever dx hypertension (N, %)	108	45.0	27	23.2	<0.001
Ever smoked (N, %)	109	45.8	65	56.0	0.07
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	239	133.5±14.5	116	128.1±14.0	0.004
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	239	77.9±10.3	116	75.0±10.0	0.01

*p Value (two-sided) determined from either a χ² test for non-ordered categories for categorical characteristics or the Wilcoxon two-sample test for continuous characteristics.
†Prediabetes defined as HbA1c between 5.7% and 6.4% and/or fasting glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.