Control (n=54) | UC inactive (n=35) | UC active (n=17) | CD inactive (n=51) | CD active (n=22) | Statistical test | ||||||
M | IQR | M | IQR | M | IQR | M | IQR | M | IQR | P value | |
Energy (kcal/day) | 1618 | 842 | 1524 | 761 | 1450 | 2150 | 1623 | 861 | 1167 | 644 | |
Energy (kj/day) | 6818 | 3535 | 6411 | 3206 | 6082 | 9040 | 6808 | 3614 | 4903 | 2724 | |
Carbohydrate (g/day) | 155 | 127 | 157 | 105 | 130 | 265 | 167 | 106 | 121 | 62 | |
Protein (g/day) | 72 | 50 | 68 | 35 | 69 | 61 | 71 | 36 | 59 | 36 | |
Fat (g/day) | 72 | 46 | 67 | 34 | 60 | 61 | 67 | 33 | 50 | 22 | |
Starch (g/day) | 86 | 78 | 80 | 44 | 63 | 119 | 85 | 56 | 62 | 36 | 0.05 |
Oligosaccharide (g/day) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.35 | 1.45 | |
Fibre (g/day) | 19* | 17 | 16 | 10 | 12 | 29.9 | 15 | 13.8 | 9.1* | 8.7 | 0.01 |
NSP (g/day) | 18* | 15.1 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 28.9 | 12 | 14.2 | 7.8* | 5.5 | <0.001 |
Sugars (g/day) | 76 | 59 | 74 | 55 | 78 | 90 | 84 | 50 | 58 | 42 | |
Free sugars (g/day) | 32 | 31 | 31 | 35 | 29 | 24 | 46 | 40 | 27 | 36 | |
Glucose (g/day) | 5.1 | 6.2 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 4 | 5.1 | |
Galactose (g/day) | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.27 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.05 |
Fructose (g/day) | 3.8 | 4.8 | 3 | 3.7 | 3 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | |
Sucrose (g/day) | 16 | 17 | 14 | 12.8 | 15 | 10 | 26 | 26 | 13 | 19.2 | <0.05 |
Maltose (g/day) | 4.3 | 7.5 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 6.6 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 3 | 6.95 | |
Lactose (g/day) | 4.2 | 8.3 | 4.2 | 7.9 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 2.3 | 6.2 | |
Saturated fat (g/day) | 25 | 15 | 20 | 16 | 22 | 16 | 23 | 19 | 17 | 11 | |
Monounsaturated fat (g/day) | 31* | 20 | 26 | 16 | 25 | 29 | 25 | 14 | 20* | 9 | 0.05 |
Polyunsaturated fat (g/day) | 10 | 8 | 9.2 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 9 | 9.1 | 3.2 | 7.7 | 3.8 | |
Omega3 (n−3) (g/day) | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.35 | 0.58 | 0.6 | 0.7 | |
Omega6 (n−6) (g/day) | 3.6*† | 3.3 | 2.5* | 2 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2† | 1.5 | 0.01 |
Trans-fatty acids (g/day) | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1 | 1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.28 | 0.95 | 0.78 | |
Cholesterol (mg/day) | 216 | 155 | 283 | 175 | 251 | 203 | 216 | 102 | 207 | 199 | |
Sodium (mg/day) | 1190 | 875 | 1101 | 610 | 1158 | 1715 | 1204 | 678 | 908 | 431 | |
Potassium (mg/day) | 2468 | 1833 | 2287 | 1145 | 2185 | 2792 | 2266 | 1307 | 1684 | 704 | |
Chloride (mg/day) | 2180* | 1553 | 1877 | 1216 | 1953 | 2554 | 1948 | 1172 | 1479* | 762 | <0.05 |
Calcium (mg/day) | 658* | 516 | 449 | 480 | 615 | 258 | 553 | 449 | 342* | 175 | 0.01 |
Phosphorus (mg/day) | 1204 | 778 | 1152 | 684 | 1211 | 1344 | 1140 | 686 | 880 | 495 | |
Magnesium (mg/day) | 251* | 214 | 226 | 117 | 230 | 352 | 226 | 145 | 158* | 114 | 0.05 |
Iron (mg/day) | 9* | 7.9 | 8.3 | 4.6 | 7.7 | 15.9 | 8.2† | 4.6 | 5.6*† | 4.5 | <0.05 |
Zinc (mg/day) | 8.3* | 6.1 | 7.1 | 5.1 | 7.2 | 9.6 | 7.1† | 4.5 | 4.6*† | 2.8 | 0.01 |
Copper (mg/day) | 1* | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 1† | 0.6 | 0.6*† | 0.4 | <0.05 |
Manganese (mg/day) | 3.3* | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 6.3 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 1.7* | 2 | 0.01 |
Selenium (µg/day) | 39 | 27 | 38 | 21 | 37 | 32 | 37 | 21 | 37 | 19 | |
Iodine (µg/day) | 102 | 69 | 93 | 93 | 116 | 57 | 79 | 64 | 74 | 61 | |
Vitamin A (ret eq) (µg/day) | 989 | 780 | 692 | 489 | 714 | 1177 | 764 | 754 | 600 | 411 | |
Retinol (µg/day) | 303 | 249 | 268 | 241 | 267 | 228 | 256 | 230 | 225 | 222 | |
Carotene (µg/day) | 5940 | 9185 | 4747 | 3624 | 4099 | 10 752 | 4298 | 9408 | 4220 | 3559 | |
Vitamin D (µg/day) | 2.5 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 2 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.7 | |
Vitamin E (mg/day) | 9.5* | 7.8 | 7.2 | 3.9 | 8.3 | 9.3 | 8.1 | 5.1 | 6.2* | 3.2 | <0.05 |
Vitamin K1 (µg/day) | 7.1 | 7 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 5 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 4.8 | <0.05 |
Thiamin (B1) (µg/day) | 1.9* | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.1* | 0.9 | 0.05 |
Riboflavin (B2) (µg/day) | 1.1* | 0.9 | 1 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.7* | 0.38 | <0.05 |
Niacin total (B3) (µg/day) | 30 | 24 | 30 | 17 | 32 | 30 | 35 | 19 | 28 | 21 | |
Niacin (B3) (mg/day) | 15 | 10.3 | 17 | 10 | 16 | 14 | 18 | 11 | 16 | 14.2 | |
Tryptophan (mg/day) | 780 | 454 | 730 | 446 | 791 | 680 | 780 | 366 | 704 | 441 | |
Pantothenic acid (B5) (mg/day) | 4.4 | 3 | 4.6 | 3 | 4.9 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 2.4 | |
Vitamin (B6) (mg/day) | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
Folates (B9) total (µg/day) | 201* | 145 | 165 | 96 | 150 | 275 | 172 | 97 | 105* | 58 | 0.01 |
Vitamin (B12) (µg/day) | 3.7 | 3 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 1.9 | |
Biotin (B7) (µg/day) | 23 | 24 | 21 | 14 | 30 | 22 | 18 | 11 | 13 | 17 | <0.05 |
Vitamin C (mg/day) | 90* | 83 | 74 | 56 | 77 | 158 | 80 | 65 | 44* | 60 | <0.05 |
Glycaemic load | 66 | 54 | 67 | 33 | 54 | 109 | 72 | 43 | 51 | 29 |
Nutrient intake estimated using Nutritics software on FFQ collected data. Kruskal-Wallis with f-test statistics was used for group comparison and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni p-adjust for pairwise comparison between groups, with statistical significance denoted by * or †.
CD, Crohn’s disease; kcal, kilocalories; kj, kilojoules; M, median; NSP, non-starch polysaccharides; UC, ulcerative colitis.