Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for factors affecting patient survival (n=2510)
| Univariate Cox model HR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariate Cox model HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Bad habits | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| None | Ref. | <0.001 | Ref. | |
| Smoker-Only | 1.373 (1.202 to 1.570) | <0.001 | 1.115 (0.950 to 1.308) | 0.184 |
| Drinker-Only | 1.876 (1.313 to 2.679) | <0.001 | 1.541 (1.066 to 2.226) | 0.021 |
| Both | 1.564 (1.367 to 1.789) | <0.001 | 1.359 (1.165 to 1.586) | <0.001 |
| Age | 1.010 (1.003 to 1.017) | 0.004 | 1.018 (1.011 to 1.025) | <0.001 |
| KPS (≤80) | 1.255 (1.125 to 1.399) | <0.001 | 1.141 (1.012 to 1.286) | 0.032 |
| Sex (female) | 0.657 (0.562 to 0.767) | <0.001 | 0.852 (0.717 to 1.013) | 0.070 |
| Thoracic surgical type (OO) | 1.205 (1.079 to 1.345) | <0.001 | 0.954 (0.780 to 1.166) | 0.642 |
| Abdominal surgical type | 0.024 | 0.531 | ||
| MIE | Ref. | |||
| OO | 1.158 (1.032 to 1.298) | 0.012 | 1.081 (0.888 to 1.317) | 0.438 |
| No | 0.373 (0.052 to 2.657) | 0.325 | 0.478 (0.066 to 3.457) | 0.464 |
| Surgical approach | 0.004 | 0.139 | ||
| McKeown | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Iovr-Lewis | 1.182 (1.051 to 1.330) | 0.005 | 1.139 (0.993 to 1.308) | 0.063 |
| Sweet | 0.360 (0.051 to 2.559) | 0.307 | ||
| Left thoracotomy and laparotomy | 1.608 (1.072 to 2.413) | 0.022 | 1.223 (0.810 to 1.846) | 0.339 |
| Tumour grade | <0.001 | 0.003 | ||
| G1 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| G2 | 1.417 (1.199 to 1.674) | <0.001 | 1.218 (1.025 to 1.447) | 0.025 |
| G3 | 1.562 (1.323 to 1.844) | <0.001 | 1.342 (1.129 to 1.594) | <0.001 |
| Tumour location | 0.449 | |||
| Upper | Ref. | |||
| Middle | 1.087 (0.948 to 1.247) | 0.232 | ||
| Lower | 1.091 (0.928 to 1.283) | 0.293 | ||
| Lymphovascular invasion (No) | 0.572 (0.502 to 0.653) | <0.001 | 0.869 (0.755 to 1.000) | 0.051 |
| Nerve invasion (No) | 0.667 (0.585 to 0.759) | <0.001 | 0.887 (0.773 to −1.018) | 0.087 |
| Pathological T stage | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| T1 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| T2 | 1.427 (1.076 to 1.894) | 0.014 | 0.953 (0.655 to 1.386) | 0.800 |
| T3 | 2.343 (1.815 to 3.026) | <0.001 | 1.397 (0.960 to 2.034) | 0.081 |
| T4 | 3.838 (2.852 to 5.165) | <0.001 | 1.653 (1.019 to 2.683) | 0.042 |
| Pathological N stage | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| N0 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| N1 | 1.776 (1.546 to 2.041) | <0.001 | 1.148 (0.813 to 1.621) | 0.433 |
| N2 | 3.154 (2.721 to 3.655) | <0.001 | 1.836 (1.274 to 2.646) | 0.001 |
| N3 | 4.115 (3.436 to 4.929) | <0.001 | 1.834 (1.054 to 3.193) | 0.032 |
| TNM stage | <0.001 | 0.120 | ||
| I | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| II | 1.739 (1.284 to 2.354) | <0.001 | 1.196 (0.792 to 1.805) | 0.395 |
| III | 3.641 (2.717 to 4.880) | <0.001 | 1.784 (0.981 to 3.246) | 0.058 |
| IV | 6.980 (5.107 to 9.539) | <0.001 | 2.291 (1.082 to 4.851) | 0.030 |
| Clinical treatment modality | 0.732 | |||
| Preoperative CT or RT/CRT plus surgery | Ref. | |||
| Surgery alone | 0.863 (0.583 to 1.278) | 0.463 | ||
| Surgery plus postoperative CT or RT/CRT | 0.883 (0.596 to 1.306) | 0.532 |
CRT, chemoradiotherapy; CT, chemotherapy; KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status; LN, lymph node; MIE, minimally invasive oesophagectomy; OO, open oesophagectomy; RT, radiotherapy; TNM, tumour, node, metastasis.