Summary of quality assessment of studies using Quality of Prognosis Studies framework
| Study | Study participation | Study attrition | Prognostic factor measurement | Outcome measurement | Study confounding | Statistical analysis and reporting | Overall risk of bias |
| Allen et al21 2022 | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Are et al 202161 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Asesio et al22 2022 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Bajaj et al 202362 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Berzigotti et al43 2011 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Berzigotti et al36 2008 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Boonpiraks et al63 2024 | Low | High | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
| Calvaruso et al64 2015 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Calzadilla-Bertot et al65 2021 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Chen et al66 2023 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Colecchia et al23 2014 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Cordova et al67 1986 | High | Moderate | High | Low | High | High | High |
| Dillon et al68 2018 | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | High | Low | High |
| Elkassem et al37 2022 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Fallahzadeh et al69 2021 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Fujiwara et al70 2022 | Moderate | High | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | High |
| Garcia Garcia de Paredes et al71 2021 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low |
| Gatselis et al72 2020 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Gidener et al73 2021 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Gidener et al74 2022 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Vilar Gomez et al75 2014 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Guéchot et al19 2000 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Guha et al76 2019 | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Hartl et al77 2021 | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Henrique et al46 2021 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | High | Low | Moderate |
| Hsu et al78 2021 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | High | Low | Moderate |
| Innes et al79 2022 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Jain et al80 2021 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Jindal et al40 2020 | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Jindal et al30 2022 | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Joly et al41 1971 | High | High | High | Moderate | High | Moderate | High |
| Kim et al28 2012 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Kondo et al20 2016 | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Kwon et al27 2021 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Lee et al81 2013 | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Lisotti et al82 2016 | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | High | Moderate | High |
| Merchante et al83 2018 | Low | High | Moderate | Moderate | High | Low | High |
| Merchante et al29 2012 | Low | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | High |
| Merchante et al31 2017 | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Low | High |
| Merchante et al32 2015 | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Navadurong et al84 2023 | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
| Pérez-Latorre et al33 2014 | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Qamar et al85 2009 | High | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | High |
| Rincón et al24 2013 | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Ripoll et al25 2007 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Saeki et al86 2023 | Low | High | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
| Schneider et al55 2022 | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Schwarzer et al87 2020 | Low | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | High |
| Semmler et al34 2022 | Moderate | High | High | Moderate | High | Low | High |
| Siramolpiwat et al44 2021 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Smith et al38 2017 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
| Tae et al88 2014 | Moderate | High | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | High |
| Tapper et al89 2020 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | High | High |
| Tornai et al90 2021 | Low | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Turco et al42 2018 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Wang et al91 2014 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Wang et al45 2022 | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Wong et al 202292 | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Yang et al93 2021 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Yoo et al 202494 | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Yuan et al26 2019 | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Yu et al39 2022 | Low | High | Moderate | Moderate | High | Low | High |
| Zarski et al35 2020 | Low | Moderate | High | Moderate | Low | Low | High |