Patient demographics and comorbidities, stratified by the presence of GI infection
| Demographics | Absence of GI infection n (%) | Presence of GI infection n (%) | P value |
| Age category | |||
| 18–44 | 7 504 751 (28.66) | 31 480 (12.94) | <0.001 |
| 45–64 | 722 775 (27.6) | 72 690 (29.88) | |
| >65 | 11 457 075 (43.75) | 139 085 (57.18) | |
| Sex | 26 189 577 | 26 432 932 | |
| Male | 11 406 361 (43.55) | 106 950 (43.97) | 0.1174 |
| Female | 14 783 216 (56.45) | 136 305 (56.03) | |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian | 17 220 462 (65.75) | 175 070 (71.97) | <0.001 |
| African American | 4 137 746 (15.8) | 33 285 (13.68) | |
| Hispanic | 3 105 236 (11.86) | 21 705 (8.92) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 21 705 (2.86) | 5180 (2.13) | |
| Native American | 178 830 (.68) | 1935 (0.80) | |
| Other | 797 395 (3.05) | 6080 (2.50) | |
| Primary expected payer | |||
| Medicare | 12 202 689 (46.59) | 150 725 (61.96) | <0.001 |
| Medicaid | 4 917 785 (18.78) | 32 000 (13.15) | |
| Private | 7 047 957 (26.91) | 47 855 (19.67) | |
| Uninsured | 1 108 266 (4.23) | 6650 (2.73) | |
| Median household income | |||
| Lowest quartile | 8 015 175 (30.6) | 70 445 (28.96) | <0.001 |
| Second quartile | 7 112 998 (27.96) | 66 840 (27.48) | |
| Third quartile | 5 987 652 (22.86) | 57 770 (23.75) | |
| Highest quartile | 5 073 752 (19.37) | 48 200 (19.81) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | |||
| 0 | 8 855 363 (33.81) | 42 050 (17.29) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 4 958 355 (18.93) | 40 580 (16.68) | |
| 2 | 3 543 335 (13.53) | 38 955 (16.01) | |
| >3 | 8 832 524 (33.72) | 121 670 (50.01) | |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | 4 919 115 (18.78) | 58 460 (24.03) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 8 610 875 (32.88) | 88 480 (36.37) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 9 539 595 (36.43) | 85 930 (35.33) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 7 451 445 (28.45) | 83 340 (34.26) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 14 884 506 (56.83) | 166 805 (68.57) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 4 898 289 (18.57) | 36 720 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| Obstructive sleep apnoea | 1 950 410 (7.45) | 17 405 (7.16) | 0.02 |
| MAFLD/NASH | 744 060 (2.84) | 11 850 (4.87) | <0.001 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 279 440 (1.07) | 12 125 (4.98) | <0.001 |
Numbers are presented as absolute numbers with percentages.
Significant values are in bold (p<0.05).
GI, gastrointestinal; MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.