Characteristic | n | % |
Total number of included studies | 245 | 100.0 |
N randomised, median (IQR) | ||
N endoscopists, median (IQR) | ||
Publication type | ||
Abstract | 47 | 19.2 |
Full publication | 198 | 80.8 |
Sedation type | ||
Routine sedation, non-propofol agent | 80 | 32.7 |
Routine sedation, propofol | 30 | 12.2 |
On-demand sedation | 44 | 18.0 |
Unsedated | 52 | 21.2 |
Other | 39 | 15.9 |
Intervention | ||
CO2 and/or water methods* | 83 | 33.9 |
CO2 methods | 34 | 13.9 |
Water methods | 41 | 16.7 |
CO2 and water methods | 8 | 3.3 |
Complementary and complementary medicine | 49 | 20.0 |
Acupuncture | 6 | 2.4 |
Aromatherapy | 5 | 2.0 |
Audiovisual distraction | 27 | 11.0 |
Relaxation | 7 | 2.9 |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | 4 | 1.6 |
Colonoscope technology | 53 | 21.6 |
Colonoscopy dimensions | 17 | 6.9 |
Cap | 12 | 4.9 |
Magnetic endoscopy | 13 | 5.3 |
Responsive insertion technology | 2 | 0.8 |
Variable stiffness | 9 | 3.7 |
Patient and endoscopist positioning | 13 | 5.3 |
Endoscopist positioning | 1 | 0.4 |
Patient positioning | 12 | 4.9 |
Patient education | 6 | 2.4 |
Postprocedure care | 7 | 2.9 |
Other | 34 | 13.9 |
Procedure setting | ||
Clinic | 7 | 2.9 |
Hospital | 129 | 52.7 |
Unclear | 109 | 44.5 |
Funding source | ||
Foundation/government | 25 | 10.2 |
Hospital/university | 16 | 6.5 |
Mixed without industry | 12 | 4.9 |
Any industry | 24 | 9.8 |
Not funded | 28 | 11.4 |
Not identified | 140 | 57.1 |
Measured patient characteristics | ||
Age | 206 | 84.1 |
Sex | 202 | 82.4 |
Indications | 135 | 55.1 |
*Water methods include exchange, immersion and undifferentiated methods using water.