Total | Pre-COVID-19 | COVID-19 | P value | |
Male | 264 (67.7%) | 161 (65.2%) | 117 (70.1%) | 0.186 |
Female | 126 (32.3%) | 86 (34.8%) | 50 (29.9%) | |
Age | ||||
Median (IQR) | 58 (16) | 59 (17) | 57 (15.5) | 0.314 |
<30 | 10 | 6 (1.7%) | 4 (1.7%) | |
30–50 | 136 | 71 (20.3%) | 65 (27%) | |
50–70 | 316 | 192 (54.9%) | 123 (51%) | |
>70 | 100 | 59 (16.9%) | 41 (17%) | |
Ethnicity | ||||
White | 247 (63.3%) | 149 (60.3%) | 113 (67.7%) | 0.146 |
Asian | 37 (9.5%) | 27 (10.9%) | 11 (6.6%) | |
Black | 17 (4.4%) | 13 (5.3%) | 5 (3%) | |
Other | 81 (20.8%) | 50 (20.2%) | 38 (22.8%) | |
Mixed | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 | |
Not stated | 7 (1.8%) | 7 (2.8%) | 0 | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes | 87 (22.3%) | 61 (24.7%) | 32 (19.2%) | 0.135 |
Cardiac | 48 (12.3%) | 31 (12.6%) | 21 (12.6%) | 0.845 |
Respiratory | 52 (13.3%) | 33 (13.4%) | 20 (12%) | 0.98 |
Chronic kidney disease | 24 (6.2%) | 16 (6.5%) | 11 (6.6%) | 0.724 |
Neurological | 26 (6.7%) | 18 (7.3%) | 13 (7.8%) | 0.516 |
Malignancy | 33 (8.5%) | 25 (10.1%) | 9 (5.4%) | 0.121 |
Other | 81 (20.8%) | 61 (24.47%) | 24 (14.4%) | 0.03 |
Aetiology | ||||
Alcohol | 246 (63.1%) | 152 (61.5%) | 110 (65.9%) | 0.401 |
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) | 55 (14.1%) | 40 (16.2%) | 23 (13.8%) | |
Hepatitis C | 49 (12.6%) | 33 (13.4%) | 18 (10.8%) | |
Hepatitis B | 19 (4.9%) | 13 (5.3%) | 6 (3.6%) | |
Autoimmune hepatitis | 25 (6.4%) | 13 (5.3%) | 12 (7.2%) | |
Primary biliary cirrhosis | 8 (2.1%) | 7 (2.8%) | 1 (0.6%) | |
Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 11 (2.8%) | 8 (3.2%) | 3 (1.8%) | |
Cryptogenic cirrhosis | 11 (2.8%) | 9 (3.6%) | 3 (1.8%) | |
Wilson’s disease | 3 (0.8%) | 2 (0.8%) | 2 (1.2%) | |
Other | 9 (2.3%) | 5 (2%) | 4 (2.4%) | |
Precipitant | ||||
Alcohol | 150 (25.4%) | 82 (23.5%) | 59 (35.3%) | 0.301 |
Infection | 131 (22.2%) | 79 (22.6%) | 31 (18.6%) | |
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage | 111 (18.8%) | 73 (20.9%) | 37 (15.4%) | |
Varices | 75 (67.6%) | 47 (64.4%) | 28 (75.7%) | |
Hepatitis B reactivation | 2 (0.3%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0 | |
New portal vein thrombosis | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 5 (0.8%) | 2 (0.6%) | 3 (1.8%) | |
Autoimmune flare | 3 (0.5%) | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (1.2%) | |
Drug-induced liver injury | 2 (0.3%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0 | |
Unknown | 185 (31.3%) | 108 (30.9%) | 47 (28.1%) | |
Disease severity scores on admission (median, IQR) | ||||
UKELD | 56 (10) | 56 (10) | 57 (10) | 0.392 |
MELD Na | 21 (10) | 20 (9) | 21 (11) | 0.684 |
Child Pugh Score | 10 (3) | 9 (3) | 10 (3) | 0.82 |
AD Score | 54.3 (12.9) | 54 (13) | 55 (13) | 0.69 |
Data have been shown for the total cohort, as well as a breakdown of the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 time periods.
AD, acute decompensation; MELD Na, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium; UKELD, UK Model for End-Stage Liver Disease.