Observed crude point prevalence and iSPR of prespecified medications among patients in the PBC population or the PBC-pruritus subpopulation relative to the respective non-case population
| Medication | PBC population (N=1963) | PBC-pruritus subpopulation (N=139) | Non-case population (N=10 245 592)* | ||
| % | iSPR (95% CI)† | % | iSPR (95% CI)† | % | |
| Antidiarrhoeal therapy | 1.1 | 1.42 (0.88 to 2.18) | 2.2 | 3.18 (0.66 to 9.30) | 0.5 |
| Antihistamines | 15.7 | 1.66 (1.48 to 1.86) | 34.5 | 3.62 (2.67 to 4.80) | 8.5 |
| Antihyperlipidaemic therapy | 31.6 | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.11) | 38.1 | 1.45 (1.08 to 1.89) | 20.9 |
| Bile acid sequestrants‡ | 5.8 | 7.86 (6.48 to 9.44) | 18.0 | 28.54 (18.47 to 42.12) | 0.4 |
| Colchicine | 1.4 | 3.14 (2.07 to 4.57) | 0 | 0 | 0.6 |
| Corticoid | 29.4 | 1.47 (1.35 to 1.59) | 33.8 | 1.73 (1.27 to 2.30) | 17.1 |
| Cyclosporine | 0.7 | 20.94 (11.15 to 35.81) | 0.7 | 22.29 (0.56 to 124.20) | 0.03 |
| Fibrates | 1.3 | 1.10 (0.72 to 1.61) | 2.9 | 2.14 (0.58 to 5.48) | 1.4 |
| MMF | 3.5 | 19.64 (15.25 to 24.90) | 7.9 | 44.51 (22.22 to 79.65) | 0.2 |
| Metformin | 8.0 | 0.79 (0.67 to 0.92) | 3.6 | 0.39 (0.13 to 0.91) | 7.6 |
| Methotrexate | 0.8 | 0.90 (0.51 to 1.46) | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Naltrexone | 0.8 | 8.63 (4.93 to 14.02) | 4.3 | 34.54 (12.67 to 75.17) | 0.1 |
| OCA‡ | 6.9 | 57 510.56 (48 218.86 to 68 070.71) | 11.5 | 105,298.43 (60 187.15 to 170,998.05) | 0 |
| Penicillamine | 0.1 | 163.02 (4.13 to 908.31) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rifampicin‡ | 1.5 | 33.87 (22.68 to 48.65) | 10.8 | 218.08 (122.06 to 359.69) | 0.1 |
| Sertraline‡ | 5.0 | 1.16 (0.94 to 1.41) | 9.4 | 2.16 (1.15 to 3.70) | 3.6 |
| Sleep medications | 12.9 | 1.22 (1.07 to 1.38) | 16.6 | 1.65 (1.05 to 2.47) | 7.7 |
| Statins | 24.5 | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92) | 23.7 | 0.96 (0.66 to 1.34) | 19.6 |
| UDCA§ | 87.8 | 766.60 (730.84 to 803.66) | 83.5 | 796.69 (658.32 to 955.55) | 0.1 |
*N for the non-case population (N=10 245 592), relates to the comparison versus the PBC population not versus the PBC-pruritus population (N=9 984 009).
†Compared with non-cases (comparator) population.
‡Guideline-recommended pruritus treatment (AASLD and EASL).
§PBC treatment.
AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; CI, confidence interval; EASL, European Association for the Study of the Liver; iSPRs, indirect age-sex standardised prevalence ratios; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; OCA, obeticholic acid; PBC, primary biliary cholangitis; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid.