Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants, by HIV status
| Characteristics | HIV-positive (n=154) | HIV-negative (n=227) | P value |
| Median age, years (IQR) | 39 (33–44) | 35 (32–43) | <0.01 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 76 (49) | 76 (33) | <0.01 |
| Marital status, n (%) | <0.01 | ||
| Married | 78 (50) | 144 (63) | |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 58 (38) | 52 (23) | |
| Single | 18 (12) | 31 (14) | |
| Employment, n (%) | <0.01 | ||
| Employed/self-employed | 116 (75) | 130 (58) | |
| Unemployed | 38 (25) | 96 (42) | |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0.45 | ||
| Abstinent | 72 (47) | 97 (43) | |
| Moderate | 6 (4) | 15 (6) | |
| Hazardous (AUDIT-C ≥3 for women; ≥4 for men) | 76 (49) | 117 (51) | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Body mass index, n (%) | <0.01 | ||
| Underweight (<18 kg/m2) | 22 (14) | 18 (8) | |
| Normal (18–24.9 kg/m2) | 100 (65) | 119 (52) | |
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 22 (14) | 47 (21) | |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 10 (7) | 43 (19) | |
| Waist circumference, n (%) | <0.01 | ||
| Normal | 125 (82) | 156 (69) | |
| Abdominal obesity (≥88 cm for women; ≥102 for men) | 28 (18) | 71 (31) | |
| Missing | 1 | – | |
| Systolic blood pressure, n (%) | 0.03 | ||
| Normal | 117 (76) | 149 (66) | |
| Elevated (≥130 mm Hg) | 37 (24) | 78 (34) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, n (%) | 0.54 | ||
| Normal | 107 (69) | 151 (66) | |
| Elevated (≥85 mm Hg) | 47 (31) | 76 (33) | |
| Fasting glucose, n (%) | 0.51 | ||
| Normal (<5.6 mmol/L) | 130 (86) | 202 (89) | |
| Pre-diabetes (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) | 19 (11) | 20 (8) | |
| Diabetes (>7 mmol/L) | 3 (2) | 4 (2) | |
| Missing | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | |
| Total cholesterol, n (%) | 0.27 | ||
| Normal | 133 (89) | 192 (85) | |
| Elevated (>5 mmol/L) | 16 (10) | 33 (14) | |
| Missing | 5 (1) | 2 (1) | |
| Triglycerides, n (%) | 0.33 | ||
| Normal | 132 (86) | 205 (91) | |
| Elevated (≥1.70 mmol/L) | 18 (12) | 20 (8) | |
| Missing | 4 (3) | 2 (1) | |
| HDL-cholesterol, n (%) | <0.01 | ||
| Normal | 60 (39) | 150 (66) | |
| Reduced (<1.0 mmol/L for men or <1.3 mmol/L) | 90 (58) | 75 (33) | |
| Missing | 4 (3) | 2 (1) | |
| Hepatitis B surface antigen, n (%) | 0.09 | ||
| Positive | 2 (1) | 10 (4) | |
| Negative | 152 (99) | 217 (96) | |
Significant P-value in bold (p<0.05).
AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.