Summary of published cases involving CSOs and GI tract fistulas—adapted from De Moura et al2
| Study authors | Patient demographics | Type of fistula | Follow-up | Achievement of fistula closure | Complications |
| Rabenstein et al (2006) | 70-year-old, female | Esophagorespiratory | 6 months | Yes | Migration of the device, however ultimately had fistula closure |
| Green et al (2008) | 69-year-old, male | Esophagorespiratory | 5 weeks | Yes | None |
| Boulougouri et al (2009) | 57-year-old, male | Duodenocutaneous | 5 months | Yes | None |
| Melmed et al (2009) | 82-year-old, female | Gastrocolic | 4 months then 18 months | Initially failed closure, repeat with a different CSO led to closure | Device collapse into the colon at first follow-up |
| Coppola et al (2010) | 83-year-old, unspecified | Tracheoesophageal | 2 months then 10 months | Yes, but with self expanding stents after CSO migration | Larger fistula with migration of the device |
| Kouklakiset al (2010) | 58-year-old, male | Gastrocolic | 1 week | Yes | Small leak on imaging |
| Baron (2010) | 38-year-old, female | Gastrocolic | 6 weeks | Yes | None |
| Repici et al (2010) | 58-year-old, male | Tracheoesophageal | 8 months | Yes | None |
| Lee et al (2011) | 68-year-old, male | Esophagorespiratory | 1 month | Yes | None |
| Cardoso et al (2012) | 60-year-old, male | Esophagomediastinal | 6 weeks | Yes | None |
| Kadlec et al (2013) | 63-year-old, female | Esophagorespiratory | 12 days then 9 months | Yes but with surgery after initial failure of CSO | None |
| Kumbhari et al (2014) | 50-year-old, female | Leak at gastrectomy staple line | 8 weeks | Yes | None |
| Kumbhari et al (2014) | 72-year-old, female | Tracheoesophageal | 6 weeks | Yes | None |
| Wiest et al (2014) | 40-year-old, male | Leak of sleeve gastrectomy | 1 year | Yes | None |
| Odemis et al (2015) | 35-year-old, male | Leak at gastrectomy staple line | 6 month | Yes | None |
| Cohen-Atsmoni et al (2015) | Two patients, unspecified | Tracheoesophageal | 4 years, 2 weeks | Yes for patient 1, no for patient 2 | Patient two was critically ill and died of fungal sepsis |
| Subtil et al (2016) | 63-year-old, male | Tracheoesophageal | 4 months | Yes | None |
| Fernandez-Urien et al (2016) | 51-year-old, male | Esophagobronchial | 9 months | Yes | None |
| Mejia Perez et al (2016) | 55-year-old, male | Esophagopleural | 4 weeks | Yes | None |
CSO, cardiac septal occluder; GI, gastrointestinal.