Demographics and risk factors
| n | % | |
| Sex: | ||
| Male | 34 | 44.2 |
| Female | 43 | 55.8 |
| Mean±SD | ||
| Age, all patients (years) | 77 | 74.3±9.3 |
| Age, males (years) | 34 | 73.1±8.5* |
| Age, females (years) | 43 | 75.2±10.0* |
| Aortic valve measurements: | ||
| Area (square cm) | 55 | 0.7±0.3 |
| Peak pressure gradient (mm Hg) | 36 | 93.7±34.0 |
| Mean pressure gradient (mm Hg) | 44 | 56.0±18.6 |
| Peak blood velocity (m/s) | 21 | 4.9±0.8 |
| Severity of valvular disease: | Percentage of total cases (%) | |
| Very severe aortic stenosis (VSAS)† | 32 | 41.6 |
| Severe aortic stenosis (SAS)‡ | 37 | 48.1 |
| Moderate aortic stenosis§ | 3 | 3.9 |
| Severity not stated | 5 | 6.5 |
| Percentage of cases by severity (%) | ||
| VSAS, males | 11 | 34.4* |
| VSAS, females | 21 | 65.6* |
| SAS/moderate, males | 21 | 52.5 |
| SAS/moderate, females | 19 | 47.5 |
| Comorbidities: | Percentage of all comorbidities (%) | |
| Hypertension | 25 | 19.8 |
| Coronary artery disease | 21 | 16.7 |
| Congestive heart failure | 18 | 14.3 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 12 | 9.5 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 10 | 7.9 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 10 | 7.9 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 8 | 6.3 |
| History of stroke or TIA | 7 | 5.6 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 6 | 4.8 |
| Obesity | 3 | 2.4 |
| Obstructive sleep apnoea | 2 | 1.6 |
| Primary biliary cholangitis | 2 | 1.6 |
| Thyroid conditions¶ | 2 | 1.6 |
*Within a section, values labelled with a common superscript do not differ (p>0.05).
†VSAS defined by valve area <0.6 cm², mean aortic pressure gradient ≥60 mm Hg and/or peak blood velocity >5 m/s.
‡SAS defined by valve area <1.0 cm², mean aortic valve pressure gradient ≥40 mm Hg and/or peak blood velocity >4 m/s.
§Moderate aortic stenosis defined by valve area 1–1.5 cm², mean aortic valve pressure gradient 20–40 mm Hg and/or peak blood velocity 3–4 m/s.
¶Includes both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
TIA, transient ischaemic attack.