Frailty outcomes grouped by LSM
| Variable | All (n=109) | F0–F1 (n=41) | F2–F3 (n=44) | F4 (n=24) | Between-group p value |
| SRFI score † | 0.18 (0.18) | 0.15 (0.15) | 0.20 (0.19) | 0.27 (0.20) | 0.001 **‡ |
| SRFI categories | 0.007 **§ | ||||
| Robust, n (%) | 25 (23) | 14 (35) | 10 (23) | 1 (4) | |
| Pre-frail, n (%) | 42 (39) | 18 (45) | 16 (36) | 8 (33) | |
| Frail, n (%) | 41 (38) | 8 (20) | 18 (41) | 15 (63) | |
| FFI score † | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 0.285 ‡ |
| FFI categories | 0.810 § | ||||
| Robust, n (%) | 29 (36) | 14 (41) | 11 (36) | 4 (25) | |
| Pre-frail, n (%) | 48 (59) | 18 (53) | 19 (61) | 11 (69) | |
| Frail, n (%) | 4 (5) | 2 (6) | 1 (3) | 1 (6) | |
| FI-LAB score † | 0.18 (0.12) | 0.14 (0.11) | 0.21 (0.09) | 0.24 (0.15) | ≤0.001 ***‡ |
| Timed-up and go (s) † | 7.0 (1.8) | 6.7 (1.8) | 6.8 (1.7) | 7.5 (1.9) | 0.110 ‡ |
| 30 s sit-to-stand † | 14 (7) | 16 (7) | 14 (6) | 11 (6) | 0.006 **‡ |
Post hoc for SRFI: F0/F1 significantly different from F4 (adjusted p=0.001). Post hoc for LBFI: F0/F1 significantly different from F2/F3 (adjusted p=0.001) and F4 (adjusted p≤0.001). Post hoc for 30 s sit-to-stand: F0/F1 significantly different from F4 (adjusted p=0.004).
**Significant between-group difference (p≤0.05), **Significant between-group difference (p≤0.01), ***Significant between-group difference (p≤0.001).
††Non-normally distributed variable (median (IQR))
‡‡Kruskal-Wallis test
§§Pearson’s χ2 test
FFI, Fried frailty index; FI-LAB, lab-based frailty index; SRFI, self-reported frailty index.