Overall (n=85) | Type of liver failure | |||
Paracetamol (n=67) | Non-paracetamol (n=18) | P value | ||
Transaminases | ||||
Alanine aminotransferase | ||||
Peak, U/L | 5594 (3463–8868) | 6529 (3862–9356) | 4468 (2314–5992) | 0.018 |
Days between ICU admission and peak | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.6) | 0.004 |
Days until normalisation* | 21.5 (17.5–29.5) | 20.0 (18.0–26.5) | 45.0 (29.0–80.0) | 0.373 |
Patients with normalisation at latest follow-up | 18/62 (29.0) | 15/46 (32.6) | 3/16 (18.8) | 0.355 |
Median time until last measurements, days | 16.0 (10.0–30.0) | 15.0 (9.0–29.0) | 19.0 (12.0–30.8) | 0.438 |
Number of measurements after hospital DC | 1.6±2.7 | 1.4±2.2 | 2.5±4.2 | 0.133 |
Patients with normalisation until hospital DC | 12/85 (14.1) | 11/67 (16.4) | 1/18 (5.6) | 0.446 |
Aspartate aminotransferase | ||||
Peak, U/L | 7343 (3808–11 010) | 7711 (4987–11 010) | 5984 (2594–11 160) | 0.407 |
Days between ICU admission and peak | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.5) | 0.034 |
Days until normalisation* | 12.0 (11.0–14.0) | 12.0 (11.0–14.0) | 13.0 (11.0–15.0) | 0.999 |
Patients with normalisation at latest follow-up | 13/50 (26.0) | 9/37 (24.3) | 4/13 (30.8) | 0.719 |
Median time until last measurements, days | 13.0 (8.2–22.8) | 13.5 (8.2–23.0) | 13.0 (10.0–19.0) | 0.625 |
Number of measurements after hospital DC | 0.8±1.0 | 0.7±0.9 | 1.1±1.3 | 0.139 |
atients with normalisation until hospital DC | 9/78 (11.5) | 7/62 (11.3) | 2/16 (12.5) | 0.999 |
Coagulation | ||||
APTT | ||||
Peak, s | 44.0 (38.0–60.0) | 44.0 (38.0–55.0) | 57.5 (40.2–69.5) | 0.177 |
Days between ICU admission and peak | 0.6 (0.0–4.6) | 0.6 (0.0–4.6) | 2.0 (0.1–4.6) | 0.444 |
INR | ||||
Peak | 4.5 (3.1–5.8) | 4.6 (3.2–5.9) | 3.7 (2.3–4.7) | 0.090 |
Days between ICU admission and peak | 0.0 (0.0–0.5) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.6) | 0.245 |
Days until normalisation* | 7.5 (6.0–11.0) | 9.0 (5.8–13.2) | 7.0 (6.0–7.0) | 0.090 |
Patients with normalisation at latest follow-up | 42/68 (61.8) | 32/52 (61.5) | 10/16 (62.5) | 0.999 |
Median time until last measurements, days | 13.0 (9.0–27.0) | 15.0 (8.0–27.5) | 12.5 (10.2–18.5) | 0.539 |
Number of measurements after hospital DC | 1.0±1.4 | 1.0±1.5 | 0.9±0.9 | 0.846 |
Patients with normalisation until hospital DC | 36/85 (42.4) | 27/67 (40.3) | 9/18 (50.0) | 0.592 |
Renal | ||||
Creatinine | ||||
Peak, µmol/L | 210.0 (111.0–451.0) | 200.0 (106.5–450.0) | 295.0 (139.2–476.5) | 0.423 |
Days between ICU admission and peak | 4.5 (0.0–9.6) | 4.6 (0.0–10.1) | 3.5 (0.1–9.3) | 0.952 |
Days until normalisation* | 1.0 (1.0–3.0) | 1.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 0.160 |
Patients with normalisation at latest follow-up | 69/81 (85.2) | 56/63 (88.9) | 13/18 (72.2) | 0.126 |
Median time until last measurements, days | 15.0 (9.0–31.0) | 15.0 (9.0–30.5) | 16.0 (11.2–30.8) | 0.698 |
Number of measurements after hospital DC | 1.6±2.9 | 1.4±2.3 | 2.5±4.4 | 0.158 |
Patients with normalisation until hospital DC | 66/85 (77.6) | 54/67 (80.6) | 12/18 (66.7) | 0.217 |
Urea | ||||
Peak, mmol/L | 12.5 (7.6–18.5) | 11.6 (7.4–17.6) | 14.0 (10.0–22.2) | 0.280 |
Days between ICU admission and peak | 6.5 (0.5–10.5) | 6.5 (0.6–11.5) | 5.6 (0.1–8.3) | 0.491 |
Others | ||||
Ammonia | ||||
Peak, L | 123.0 (92.0–178.0) | 123.0 (96.0–184.5) | 119.0 (75.8–143.2) | 0.346 |
Days between ICU admission and peak | 0.0 (0.0–0.5) | 0.0 (0.0–0.5) | 0.5 (0.0–1.6) | 0.031 |
Days until normalisation* | 8.5 (5.5–12.0) | 10.0 (6.5–13.0) | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) | 0.153 |
Patients with normalisation at latest follow-up | 24/27 (88.9) | 19/20 (95.0) | 5/7 (71.4) | 0.156 |
Median time until last measurements, days | 7.0 (4.0–11.0) | 7.0 (4.0–12.0) | 6.5 (4.0–8.0) | 0.406 |
Number of measurements after hospital DC | 0.0±0.2 | 0.0±0.1 | 0.1±0.3 | 0.050 |
Patients with normalisation until hospital DC | 24/81 (29.6) | 19/63 (30.2) | 5/18 (27.8) | 0.999 |
Lactate | ||||
Peak, mmol/L | 5.7 (3.7–7.9) | 6.4 (4.7–9.5) | 5.7 (3.1–6.5) | 0.624 |
Days between ICU admission and peak | 1.5 (0.0–1.6) | 0.0 (0.0–0.4) | 1.6 (1.5–1.6) | 0.071 |
Days until normalisation* | 2.5 (1.2–4.5) | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 0.373 |
Patients with normalisation at latest follow-up | 6/6 (100.0) | 1/1 (100.0) | 5/5 (100.0) | --- |
Median time until last measurements, days | 9.0 (6.0–10.0) | 11.5 (4.2–20.2) | 9.0 (6.0–10.0) | 0.999 |
Number of measurements after hospital DC | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- |
Patients with normalisation until hospital DC | 6/9 (66.7) | 1/4 (25.0) | 5/5 (100.0) | 0.048 |
Data are median (IQR) or N (%).
*Days to normalisation refers only to those patients where normalisation documented at the time of longest follow-up.
†Normalisation was defined as two consecutive measurements with alanine aminotransferase≤40 U/L or aspartate aminotransferase≤35 U/L or INR≤1.1 or creatinine≤115 µmol/L or ammonia≤35 µmol/L or lactate≤2 mmol/L.
APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; DC, discharge; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalised ratio.