Baseline characteristics of the included patients according to the measurement or not of bilirubin after hospital discharge considering only survivors and patients who did not undergo transplantation
| Measurement of bilirubin after discharge | P value | ||
| Yes (n=57) | No (n=28) | ||
| Age, years | 38.6 (31.1–48.0) | 39.0 (24.1–55.2) | 0.844 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 8 (14.0) | 3 (10.7) | 0.999 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.2 (21.3–27.1) | 25.7 (22.9–29.4) | 0.284 |
| Severity of illness | |||
| APACHE II | 14.0 (9.0–18.0) | 14.0 (10.0–19.2) | 0.650 |
| APACHE III | 59.0 (45.0–78.0) | 63.0 (46.0–82.0) | 0.397 |
| ANZROD | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.466 |
| MET call admission, n (%) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (7.1) | 0.251 |
| Acute liver failure aetiology, n (%) | 0.211 | ||
| Paracetamol | 41 (71.9) | 26 (92.9) | |
| Unknown | 6 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Other drugs | 1 (1.8) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Vascular | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Amanita phalloides | 3 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Viral | 2 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Alcohol | 2 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Autoimmune | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| NAFLD of pregnancy | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.6) | |
| ICU source of admission, n (%) | 0.338 | ||
| Other hospital | 45 (78.9) | 18 (64.3) | |
| ICU from other hospital | 9 (15.8) | 6 (21.4) | |
| Emergency department | 2 (3.5) | 2 (7.1) | |
| Ward | 1 (1.8) | 2 (7.1) | |
| Hospital source of admission, n (%) | 0.110 | ||
| Other hospital | 46 (80.7) | 17 (60.7) | |
| ICU from other hospital | 8 (14.0) | 5 (17.9) | |
| Home | 2 (3.5) | 3 (10.7) | |
| Emergency department from other hospital | 1 (1.8) | 2 (7.1) | |
| Nursing home | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Hepatic encephalopathy, n (%) | 36 (63.2) | 20 (71.4) | 0.478 |
| 1 | 17 (29.8) | 9 (32.1) | 0.578 |
| 2 | 10 (17.5) | 5 (17.9) | |
| 3 | 4 (7.0) | 5 (17.9) | |
| 4 | 5 (8.8) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Acute kidney injury at ICU admission, n (%) | 14 (24.6) | 8 (28.6) | 0.793 |
| Organ support at ICU admission, n (%) | |||
| Renal replacement therapy | 37 (86.0) | 19 (86.4) | 0.999 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 22 (38.6) | 15 (53.6) | 0.246 |
| Coexisting disorders, n (%) | |||
| Chronic respiratory disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | --- |
| Chronic cardiovascular disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | --- |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (1.8) | 1 (3.6) | 0.999 |
| Immune disease | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.999 |
| Immunosuppression | 3 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.548 |
| Leukaemia | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | --- |
| Vital signs at ICU admission | |||
| Highest temperature, °C | 37.1 (36.5–37.5) | 37.0 (36.5–37.1) | 0.203 |
| Highest heart rate, bpm | 110.0 (100.0–130.0) | 124.0 (109.5–140.0) | 0.064 |
| Lowest mean arterial pressure, mm Hg | 67.0 (62.0–77.2) | 67.0 (59.8–72.5) | 0.326 |
| Highest respiratory rate, breaths/min | 22.0 (18.0–28.0) | 20.0 (15.8–25.0) | 0.480 |
| Urine output, mL | 1150.0 (330.0–1932.5) | 1343.5 (431.8–1631.2) | 0.896 |
| Laboratory tests at ICU admission | |||
| Lowest albumin, g/L | 27.0 (24.0–29.0) | 26.0 (22.2–29.8) | 0.974 |
| pH | 7.4 (7.3–7.5) | 7.4 (7.3–7.5) | 0.918 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 423.8 (269.6–533.3) | 426.7 (359.5–532.1) | 0.630 |
| PaCO2, mm Hg | 31.0 (29.0–36.5) | 34.5 (30.2–38.5) | 0.152 |
| Bilirubin, µmol/L | 84.0 (54.0–127.5) | 81.0 (44.8–121.2) | 0.730 |
| Highest creatinine, µmol/L | 134.0 (75.5–265.5) | 124.0 (75.0–160.8) | 0.413 |
| Lowest glucose, mmol/L | 5.2 (4.6–6.5) | 5.4 (4.6–6.5) | 0.532 |
| Lowest haemoglobin, g/L | 102 (83–117) | 103 (89–111) | 0.907 |
| Highest white blood cell count, ×109/L | 9.6 (6.2–15.8) | 12.3 (8.2–15.7) | 0.470 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 4.1 (3.4–6.5) | 4.6 (2.4–5.6) | 0.568 |
| Lowest platelets, ×109/L | 100.0 (68.5–165.5) | 120.5 (76.2–159.2) | 0.927 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 6.3 (3.8–11.4) | 4.8 (3.2–9.3) | 0.299 |
| Clinical outcomes | |||
| ICU length of stay, days | 6.2 (2.6–8.6) | 10.0 (4.4–19.8) | 0.027 |
| Hospital length of stay, day | 11.6 (8.1–18.0) | 15.5 (8.6–6.9) | 0.051 |
Data are median (IQR) or N (%)
ANZROD, Australian and New Zealand risk of death; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; ICU, intensive care unit; MET, medical emergency team; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.