Summary of patient characteristics (N=167)
| Characteristic | Value |
| Body mass index closest to TIPS, mean±SD | 27.8±6.2 |
| Sex, n (%) | |
| Female | 36 (36.5) |
| Male | 106 (63.5) |
| Age at the time of TIPS, mean±SD | 55.4±10.7 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| African American | 11 (6.6) |
| Asian | 1 (0.6) |
| Caucasian | 151 (90.4) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 3 (1.8) |
| Multiracial | 1 (0.6) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | |
| Current | 43 (25.7) |
| Former | 65 (38.9) |
| Never | 59 (35.3) |
| Chronic steroid use, n (%) | |
| No | 155 (92.8) |
| Yes | 12 (7.2) |
| History of lung disease, n (%) | |
| No | 125 (74.9) |
| Yes | 42 (25.1) |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | |
| No | 100 (59.9) |
| Yes | 67 (40.1) |
| History of abdominal wall surgery, n (%) | |
| No | 76 (45.5) |
| Yes | 91 (54.5) |
| History of pregnancy, n (%) | |
| Not Applicable | 102 (61.1) |
| No | 14 (8.4) |
| Yes | 51 (30.5) |
TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.