Multivariable models for presence of hiatal hernias at MESA Exam 5
| Variable | N | Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | P value |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 3171 | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 0.12 |
| Central obesity | 3171 | 1.27 (0.91 to 1.76) | 0.16 |
| Cigarette smoking status | 3176 | 0.19 | |
| Never smoker | Ref | Ref | |
| Former smoker | 0.91 (0.74 to 1.13) | 0.39 | |
| Current smoker | 0.68 (0.42 to 1.10) | 0.11 | |
| Medications | |||
| Proton pump inhibitor | 3176 | 1.57 (1.24 to 2.00) | <0.001* |
| H2 blockers | 3176 | 1.16 (0.70 to 1.93) | 0.57 |
| Bronchitis, last 2 weeks | 3162 | 0.93 (0.36 to 2.42) | 0.89 |
| Women only | |||
| # of pregnancies | 1415 | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.03) | 0.42 |
| # of live births | 1415 | 0.99 | |
| 0 | Ref | Ref | |
| 1–2 | 1.06 (0.56 to 1.98) | 0.87 | |
| 3–4 | 1.05 (0.55 to 2.00) | 0.88 | |
| >5 | 1.11 (0.55 to 2.22) | 0.77 |
Adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity and BMI.
BMI, body mass index; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.