Association between amount of change in height from MESA Exam 1–5 and incidence of HH (n=1464)
| Loss of height from Exam 1–5 | Number without HH at Exam 1 | Number developing HH between Exams 1 and 5 | % with HH | P trend |
| All | 1464 | 133 | 9.1 | 0.0005* |
| <1 cm | 547 | 38 | 7.0 | |
| 1–2 cm | 507 | 42 | 8.3 | |
| 2–3 cm | 255 | 29 | 11.4 | |
| 3–4 cm | 96 | 14 | 14.6 | |
| 4–5 cm | 34 | 6 | 17.7 | |
| >5 cm | 25 | 4 | 16.0 |
P trend was measured by modelling the ordinal predictor, loss of height from Exam 1–5, as a continuous variable in a logistic regression model, with incident HH at Exam 5 as the outcome.
HH, hiatal hernia; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.