Distribution of baseline characteristics of included patients by group
| EI (n=275) | WI (n=273) | P value | |
| Age, years (mean±SD) | 50.3±21.4 | 51.8±20.3 | 0.409 |
| Female, n (%) | 188 (68.3) | 192 (70.3) | 0.617 |
| Prior history of cholecystectomy, n (%) | 99 (36) | 101 (36.9) | 0.808 |
| Current cholangitis, n (%) | 41 (14.9) | 27 (9.8) | 0.074 |
| History of cholangitis, n (%) | 11 (4) | 12 (4.3) | 0.817 |
| Current pancreatitis, n (%) | 1 (0.3) | 4 (1.4) | 0.175 |
| History of pancreatitis, n (%) | 23 (8.3) | 27 (9.8) | 0.534 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 53 (19.2) | 44 (16.1) | 0.333 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL (mean±SD) | 5.1±5.1 | 4.9±5.5 | 0.645 |
| Direct bilirubin, mg/dL (mean±SD) | 3.8±4.1 | 3.6±4.1 | 0.460 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (mean±SD) | 24.6±9.2 | 25±7.8 | 0.589 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL (mean±SD) | 162.4±85.6 | 158.9±51.3 | 0.798 |
| Indications | |||
| Choledocholithiasis, n (%) | 208 (75.6) | 202 (73.9) | 0.657 |
| Bile leak, n (%) | 21 (7.6) | 19 (6.9) | 0.760 |
| Malignant biliary stricture, n (%) | 8 (2.9) | 9 (3.2) | 0.793 |
| Benign or undetermined biliary stricture, n (%) | 7 (2.5) | 16 (5.8) | 0.052 |
| Benign pancreatic diseases, n (%) | 6 (2.1) | 7 (2.5) | 0.768 |
| Suspected SOD, n (%) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | – |
| Other, n (%) | 24 (8.7) | 21 (7.6) | 0.659 |
Student’s t-test and χ2 test were used.
EI, epinephrine and rectal indomethacin; SOD, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction; WI, sterile water and rectal indomethacin.