Distribution of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure-related parameters and risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis by group.
| EI (n=275) | WI (n=273) | P value | |
| Choledocholithiasis as an indication, n (%) | 208 (75.6) | 202 (73.9) | 0.657 |
| Difficult cannulation (>5 min) | 82 (29.8) | 91 (33.3) | 0.376 |
| Cannulation success rate, n (%) | 271 (98.5) | 269 (98.5) | 0.991 |
| Trainee involvement, n (%) | 258 (93.8) | 267 (97.8) | 0.020 |
| Number of cannulation attempts by trainee, (mean±SD) | 2.6±4.1 | 2.2±2.9 | 0.328 |
| Time of cannulation attempts by trainee, min (mean±SD) | 2.8±3.5 | 2.9±4.7 | 0.631 |
| Number of cannulation attempts by professor, (mean±SD) | 1.5±3.1 | 1.5±2.3 | 0.904 |
| Time of cannulation attempts by professor, min (mean±SD) | 2.2±4.4 | 2.0±3.5 | 0.574 |
| Common bile duct diameter, mm (mean±SD) | 9.1±7.4 | 8.9±6.7 | 0.668 |
| Biliary sphincterotomy, n (%) | 224 (81.4) | 206 (75.4) | 0.087 |
| Pancreatic sphincterotomy, n (%) | 9 (3.2) | 13 (4.7) | 0.374 |
| Precut sphincterotomy, n (%) | 92 (33.4) | 105 (38.4) | 0.221 |
| Pancreatic duct guidewire insertion, n (%) | 58 (21) | 71 (26) | 0.174 |
| Pancreatography, n (%) | 13 (4.7) | 16 (5.8) | 0.553 |
| Periampullary diverticulum, n (%) | 24 (8.7) | 24 (8.7) | 0.978 |
| Choledocolithiasis, n (%) | 164 (59.6) | 160 (58.6) | 0.806 |
| Balloon dilatation of the sphincter of Oddi, n (%) | 38 (13.8) | 49 (17.9) | 0.185 |
| Ampullectomy, n (%) | 2 (0.7) | 6 (2.1) | 0.280 |
| Brushing of the pancreatic duct, n (%) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0.481 |
| Placement of a nasobiliary catheter, n (%) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | – |
| Volume of contrast media, mL (mean±SD) | 20.8±13.5 | 20.4±12.4 | 0.697 |
| Total length of the procedure, min (mean±SD) | 26.7±20.3 | 26.9±20.7 | 0.916 |
Student’s t-test and χ2 test were used.
EI, epinephrine and rectal indomethacin; WI, sterile water and rectal indomethacin.