Variable | N (%) |
Age | |
<40 years | 172 (20.6) |
40–70 years | 464 (55.6) |
>70 years | 199 (23.8) |
Sex | |
Female | 533 (63.8) |
Male | 302 (36.2) |
Ethnicity | |
Afro-Caribbean | 358 (42.9) |
African American | 305 (36.5) |
Hispanic | 79 (9.5) |
White | 38 (4.6) |
Asian | 27 (3.2) |
African | 12 (1.4) |
Middle Eastern | 10 (1.2) |
Unknown | 6 (0.7) |
Comorbidities | |
Diabetes mellitus | 306 (36.7) |
Chronic kidney disease | 38 (4.6) |
Context | |
Biliary obstruction | 878 (81.4) |
Suspected or known stone | 821 (76.1) |
Prior ERCP | 237 (22) |
Cholangitis | 123 (11.4) |
Active pancreatitis | 106 (9.8) |
Prior ERCP complication | 51 (4.7) |
Pancreatic duct abnormality | 42 (3.9) |
Postoperative bile leak | 33 (3.1) |
Ampullary abnormality | 9 (0.8) |
Pancreatic pseudocyst | 5 (0.46) |
Procedural | |
Biliary sphincterotomy | 653 (60.5) |
Biliary stone extraction | 543 (50.3) |
Antibiotics before the procedure | 461 (42.7) |
Biliary stent insertion | 191 (17.7) |
Small pancreatic-duct stent placed | 111 (10.3) |
Pancreatogram | 38 (3.5) |
Precut sphincterotomy | 36 (3.3) |
Pancreas divisum | 1 (0.09) |
ASGE complexity score | |
1 | 168 (17.8) |
2 | 564 (59.7) |
3 | 173 (18.3) |
4 | 40 (4.2) |
HOUSE complexity score | |
1 | 777 (75.6) |
2 | 171 (16.6) |
3 | 79 (7.7) |
ASGE, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.