Variable | AS | IBD | PsA | RA | ||||
Users n=1722 | Non-users n=6969 | Users n=7984 | Non-users n=9,2352 | Users n=5015 | Non-users n=13 330 | Users n=12 552 | Non-users n=86 631 | |
Age at diagnosis, median (range) | 42 (19–65) | 49 (20–65) | 39 (19–65) | 48 (19–65) | 48 (19–65) | 51 (19–65) | 51 (19–65) | 53 (19–65) |
Female, % | 45.0 | 46.1 | 49.7 | 55.1 | 50.9 | 54.3 | 75.2 | 74.0 |
Comorbidities at or before diagnosis of immune-related diseases, % | ||||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 6.7 | 9.4 | 5.0 | 8.2 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 11.2 | 13.9 |
Hypertension | 25.7 | 32.1 | 17.6 | 27.0 | 34.0 | 36.1 | 34.7 | 40.6 |
Dyslipidaemia | 22.8 | 33.4 | 16.6 | 27.3 | 32.5 | 37.3 | 32.8 | 40.4 |
Medications, % | ||||||||
Corticosteroids | 6.6 | 2.1 | 20.5 | 4.1 | 9.2 | 4.3 | 30.0 | 11.1 |
Methotrexate | 5.6 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 25.6 | 14.5 | 44.9 | 13.5 |
Other hepatotoxic medications* | 5.0 | 2.1 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 2.1 |
Other biologics† | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 1.4 |
Follow-up in years since diagnosis, median (range) | 1.0 (0.0–6.0) | 1.4 (0.0–6.0) | 1.6 (0.0–6.0) | 1.7 (0.0–6.0) | 1.2 (0.0–6.0) | 1.3 (0.0–6.0) | 1.4 (0.0–6.0) | 1.3 (0.0–6.0) |
Type of anti-TNF-α agent ever used, % | ||||||||
Adalimumab | 59.2 | N.A. | 55.4 | N.A. | 59.2 | N.A. | 48.5 | N.A. |
Certolizumab | 2.3 | N.A. | 4.1 | N.A. | 2.4 | N.A. | 4.8 | N.A. |
Etanercept | 39.1 | N.A. | 0.1 | N.A. | 41.9 | N.A. | 46.3 | N.A. |
Golimumab | 4.9 | N.A. | 2.1 | N.A. | 2.8 | N.A. | 5.3 | N.A. |
Infliximab | 12.3 | N.A. | 48.3 | N.A. | 9.4 | N.A. | 12.4 | N.A. |
Time to anti-TNF-α agent use (years) | 0.1 (0.0–5.4) | N.A. | 0.5 (0.0–5.9) | N.A. | 0.3 (0.0–5.9) | N.A. | 0.5 (0.0–5.9) | N.A. |
Duration of anti-TNF-α agent use (years) | 0.6 (0.0–5.8) | N.A. | 0.7 (0.0–5.8) | N.A. | 0.7 (0.0–6.0) | N.A. | 0.7 (0.0–5.9) | N.A. |
*Other hepatotoxic medications include azathioprine, leflunomide and/or sulfasalazine.
†Other biologics include abatacept, ixekinumab, rituximab, secukinumab, and/or tocilizumab.
AS, ankylosing spondylitis; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; N.A., not available; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.