Male drinkers | Female drinkers | |||||
Characteristic | Past | Current | P value | Past | Current | P value |
283 | 546 | 30 | 156 | |||
Fatty liver, % (n) | 22.3% (63) | 36.6% (200) | <0.001 | 13.3% (4) | 14.7% (23) | 1 |
Diabetes, % (n) | 14.5% (41) | 12.1% (66) | 0.33 | 13.3% (4) | 3.8% (6) | 0.058 |
High BMI, % (n) | 24.7% (70) | 25.1% (137) | 0.93 | 13.3% (4) | 12.8% (20) | 1 |
High blood pressure, % (n) | 48.4% (137) | 58.4% (319) | 0.006 | 33.3% (10) | 25% (39) | 0.37 |
High blood glucose, % (n) | 18% (51) | 28.9% (158) | 0.001 | 10% (3) | 12.2% (19) | 1 |
High triglycerides, % (n) | 43.8% (124) | 23.8% (130) | <0.001 | 26.7% (8) | 6.4% (10) | 0.003 |
Low HDL cholesterol, % (n) | 25.1% (71) | 4.9% (27) | <0.001 | 26.7% (8) | 3.8% (6) | <0.001 |
Exerciser, % (n) | 14.8% (42) | 22.8% (124) | 0.008 | 13.3% (4) | 18.8% (29) | 0.61 |
Never smoker, % (n) | 12.1% (34) | 11.5% (61) | <0.001 | 50% (14) | 39.6% (61) | 0.19 |
Ex-smoker, % (n) | 21.8% (61) | 45.3% (241) | 14.3% (4) | 31.2% (48) | ||
Current smoker, % (n) | 66.1% (185) | 43.2% (230) | 35.7% (10) | 29.2% (45) | ||
Autonomous examinees, % (n) | 19.4% (55) | 19.2% (105) | 1.00 | 40% (12) | 21.2% (33) | 0.036 |
Age (years) | 48 (39.5–55.0) | 54 (47.5–59.0) | <0.001 | 46 (38.0–53.5) | 47 (40.0–52.0) | 0.55 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25 (23.4–27.4) | 24.9 (23.4–27.0) | 0.16 | 21.3 (19.8–24.1) | 20.8 (19.4–23.5) | 0.86 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 136 (125.0–148.8) | 130.5 (121.8–138.3) | 0.013 | 112.5 (107.0–140.0) | 113.8 (106.0–127.1) | 0.29 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 86 (79.3–96.3) | 83 (77.0–91.0) | 0.007 | 69.5 (67.3–87.0) | 71.5 (63.0–78.5) | 0.15 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 98 (91.0–110.5) | 107 (100.0–119.0) | <0.001 | 92 (84.0–96.5) | 95 (90.0–102.0) | 0.75 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.9 (5.6–6.2) | 5.4 (5.25–5.8) | <0.001 | 5.6 (5.0–6.05) | 5.2 (5.0–5.4) | 0.029 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 223 (187.5–245.5) | 203 (184.5–228.5) | 0.046 | 199 (175.5–236.5) | 203 (181.0–235.3) | 0.71 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 173 (112.0–290.5) | 118 (75.5–179.0) | <0.001 | 110 (66.0–165.5) | 58 (40.0–93.3) | 0.01 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 44.3 (35.9–53.6) | 56 (47.5–68.0) | <0.001 | 62 (49.6–74.1) | 82 (67.0–99.0) | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 132.9 (98.1–156.7) | 119.2 (98.8–141.7) | 0.72 | 111.3 (85.2–145.7) | 102 (82.8–133.5) | 0.16 |
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 173 (145.6–200.5) | 144 (124.5–170.5) | <0.001 | 132.2 (107.2–170.5) | 114.5 (96.8–152.5) | 0.013 |
AST (IU/L) | 28 (23.0–35.5) | 23 (18.0–33.0) | 0.026 | 19 (17.0–21.5) | 15 (12.0–19.3) | 0.03 |
ALT (IU/L) | 28 (20.0–43.0) | 26 (18.5–36.5) | 0.65 | 12 (8.0–20.0) | 12 (9.75–16.0) | 0.45 |
GGT (IU/L) | 104 (67.5–170.5) | 53 (33.0–89.5) | <0.001 | 29 (16.5–55.5) | 18 (13.8–26.0) | 0.096 |
Alb (g/dL) | 4.6 (4.4–4.8) | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) | <0.001 | 4.3 (4.15–4.45) | 4.2 (4.0–4.3) | 0.012 |
Platelet (103/mL) | 21.7 (19.1–25.2) | 22 (19.3–26.3) | 0.77 | 26.4 (22.3–30.3) | 24.3 (20.4–27.6) | 0.039 |
FIB4 index | 1.19 (0.79–1.48) | 1.11 (0.83–1.52) | 0.16 | 0.94 (0.81–1.24) | 0.85 (0.63–1.16) | 0.16 |
NAFLD fibrosis score | −1.93 (−2.93 to −0.84) | −1.66 (−2.49 to −0.73) | 0.15 | −2.22 (−2.91 to −1.92) | −2.36 (−3.1 to −1.77) | 0.66 |
Alcohol consumption (mg/week) | 476.7 (462.0–666.0) | 490 (474.0–616.0) | 0.22 | 312 (306.3–654.5) | 378 (329.0–490.0) | 0.12 |
The χ2 test was applied to categorical variables and t-testwas applied to continuous variables. Categorical variables are expressed as percentage (n). Continuous variables are expressed as median (IQR).
Alb, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.