Statistically significant HRs from the time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model
| Risk factor | Beta (SE) | HR (95% CI) | P value |
| Demographics | |||
| Race (reference: Caucasian) | |||
| Unknown | 0.339 (0.025) | 1.404 (1.336 to 1.476) | <0.001 |
| African–American | −0.101 (0.018) | 0.904 (0.872 to 0.937) | <0.001 |
| Asian–Hawaiian–Pacific Islander | −0.077 (0.052) | 0.926 (0.836 to 1.026) | 0.14 |
| American Indian–Alaskan Native | −0.043 (0.056) | 0.958 (0.858 to 1.069) | 0.444 |
| Age | 0.035 (0.004) | 1.036 (1.027 to 1.045) | <0.001 |
| Age* | −0.021 (0.035) | 0.979 (0.914 to 1.049) | 0.546 |
| Age* | 0.071 (0.146) | 1.074 (0.806 to 1.431) | 0.625 |
| Age* | −0.081 (0.217) | 0.922 (0.602 to 1.412) | 0.709 |
| Age contrasts (reference: 45) | |||
| 35 vs 45 | 0.703 (0.646 to 0.764) | ||
| 50 vs 45 | 1.193 (1.145 to 1.243) | ||
| 60 vs 45 | 1.646 (1.550 to 1.748) | ||
| 70 vs 45 | 2.265 (2.122 to 2.418) | ||
| History ofcomplications | |||
| Hepatorenal syndrome | 0.221 (0.032) | 1.248 (1.171 to 1.329) | <0.001 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 0.242 (0.017) | 1.274 (1.232 to 1.318) | <0.001 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 0.666 (0.023) | 1.947 (1.860 to 2.038) | <0.001 |
| Paracentesis | 0.175 (0.019) | 1.191 (1.147 to 1.236) | <0.001 |
| Ascites | 0.140 (0.018) | 1.150 (1.111 to 1.191) | <0.001 |
| Healthcareuse (HRs are per visit/communication in the past year) | |||
| Number of inpatient visits | 0.032 (0.002) | 1.032 (1.027 to 1.037) | <0.001 |
| Number of CT images | 0.006 (0.003) | 1.006 (1.000 to 1.013) | 0.048 |
| LACE score | −0.005 (0.002) | 0.995 (0.992 to 0.999) | 0.011 |
| Labs | |||
| Albumin | −0.362 (0.011) | 0.697 (0.682 to 0.712) | <0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 0.001 (0.000) | 1.001 (1.001 to 1.001) | <0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase | 0.000 (0.000) | 1.000 (1.000 to 1.000) | 0.046 |
| Aminotransferase | 0.000 (0.000) | 1.000 (1.000 to 1.000) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin | 0.049 (0.001) | 1.050 (1.047 to 1.052) | <0.001 |
| Serum bicarbonate | −0.011 (0.002) | 0.989 (0.986 to 0.992) | <0.001 |
| International normalised ratio | 0.204 (0.024) | 1.226 (1.169 to 1.286) | <0.001 |
| Potassium | 0.135 (0.012) | 1.145 (1.118 to 1.172) | <0.001 |
| Log (creatinine) | −0.376 (0.053) | 0.687 (0.618 to 0.762) | <0.001 |
| Log (creatinine)* | 4.901 (0.381) | 134.426 (63.656 to 283.876) | <0.001 |
| Log (creatinine)* | −13.066 (1.053) | 0.000 (0.000 to 0.000) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine contrasts (reference: 1.0) | |||
| 0.4 vs 1.0 | 1.121 (1.048 to 1.198) | ||
| 2.0 vs 1.0 | 1.429 (1.389 to 1.471) | ||
| Sodium | −0.019 (0.002) | 0.981 (0.978 to 0.984) | <0.001 |
| Platelets | −0.002 (0.000) | 0.998 (0.998 to 0.999) | <0.001 |
| Prothrombin time | 0.005 (0.002) | 1.005 (1.001 to 1.010) | 0.027 |
| White blood cell count | 0.018 (0.001) | 1.018 (1.016 to 1.020) | <0.001 |
| Meds | |||
| Human albumin | 0.627 (0.026) | 1.871 (1.780 to 1.968) | <0.001 |
| Cephalosporins, first generation | −0.447 (0.039) | 0.640 (0.592 to 0.691) | <0.001 |
| Glucocorticoids | 0.269 (0.023) | 1.309 (1.251 to 1.369) | <0.001 |
| Lactulose | 0.211 (0.017) | 1.235 (1.194 to 1.277) | <0.001 |
| Midodrine | 0.581 (0.042) | 1.787 (1.647 to 1.940) | <0.001 |
| Opioids | 0.147 (0.014) | 1.159 (1.128 to 1.191) | <0.001 |
| HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors | −0.186 (0.021) | 0.831 (0.798 to 0.865) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 0.190 (0.017) | 1.210 (1.170 to 1.251) | <0.001 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorder | 0.089 (0.015) | 1.093 (1.061 to 1.126) | <0.001 |
| Metastatic cancer | 0.886 (0.025) | 2.424 (2.308 to 2.547) | <0.001 |
| Solid tumour without metastasis | 0.220 (0.020) | 1.246 (1.199 to 1.294) | <0.001 |
| Weight loss | 0.068 (0.018) | 1.071 (1.033 to 1.109) | <0.001 |
| Disposition (reference: home) | |||
| Hospice | 1.553 (0.130) | 4.727 (3.661 to 6.103) | <0.001 |
| Hospital | 0.548 (0.061) | 1.729 (1.535 to 1.947) | <0.001 |
| Inpatient | 2.852 (0.018) | 17.320 (16.730 to 17.932) | <0.001 |
| Nursing home | 0.989 (0.022) | 2.690 (2.575 to 2.810) | <0.001 |
| Other | −0.035 (0.409) | 0.965 (0.433 to 2.150) | 0.931 |
| Unknown | 0.261 (0.128) | 1.298 (1.010 to 1.667) | 0.041 |
| Missing | −0.046 (0.235) | 0.955 (0.602 to 1.515) | 0.845 |
| Vitals | |||
| Systolic blood pressure | −0.004 (0.000) | 0.996 (0.995 to 0.997) | <0.001 |
| Pulse oximetry | −0.024 (0.002) | 0.976 (0.972 to 0.981) | <0.001 |
| Pulse | 0.011 (0.000) | 1.011 (1.010 to 1.012) | <0.001 |
| BMI | −0.068 (0.005) | 0.934 (0.925 to 0.943) | <0.001 |
| BMI* | 0.193 (0.044) | 1.213 (1.113 to 1.323) | <0.001 |
| BMI* | −0.444 (0.191) | 0.642 (0.441 to 0.932) | 0.02 |
| BMI* | 0.272 (0.238) | 1.312 (0.823 to 2.091) | 0.253 |
| BMIcontrasts (reference: 20) | |||
| 14 vs 20 | 1.506 (1.425 to 1.591) | ||
| 16 vs 20 | 1.313 (1.266 to 1.363) | ||
| 18 vs 20 | 1.146 (1.125 to 1.167) | ||
| 30 vs 20 | 0.724 (0.700 to 0.750) | ||
| 40 vs 20 | 0.745 (0.716 to 0.775) |
‘Inpatient’ disposition is a dummy variable used to encode the inpatient time frame in the time-dependent covariate regression model.
*These variables represent splines.
BMI, Body Mass Index; LACE, length of stay, acuity of admission, Charlson Comorbidity Index and number of emergency department visits.