Adipocytokines and endotoxins levels at baseline and 12 months of intervention in the two groups
| Parameters/mo | 0 mo (n†=19/20) | 12 mo (n†=17/13) | P value‡ |
| Leptin units (ng/mL) | |||
| Probiotic | 5.7±2.1 | 4.0±1.3 | 0.001 |
| Placebo | 5.1±2.1 | 5.7±2.4 | 0.972 |
| P value§ | 0.384 | 0.006 | |
| Adiponectin units (mcg/mL) | |||
| Probiotic | 5.0±2.2 | 5.5±2.2 | 0.866 |
| Placebo | 4.8±2.5 | 5.3±2.2 | 0.917 |
| P value§ | 0.908 | 0.999 | |
| TNF-α units (pg/mL) | |||
| Probiotic | 207.9±102.2 | 107.8±94.4 | 0.011 |
| Placebo | 190.0±131.1 | 243.15±167.1 | 0.917 |
| P value§ | 0.438 | 0.016 | |
| IL-1β units (pg/mL) | |||
| Probiotic | 99.6±56.4 | 78.8±56.7 | 0.027 |
| Placebo | 90.7±73.8 | 106.2±75.3 | 0.576 |
| P value§ | 0.603 | 0.3 | |
| IL-6 units (pg/mL) | |||
| Probiotic | 125.6±95.3 | 100.6±74.7 | 0.041 |
| Placebo | 112.8±83.7 | 141.4±107.3 | 0.507 |
| P value§ | 0.448 | 0.189 | |
| Endotoxins units (endotoxin units/mL or EU/mL) | |||
| Probiotic | 0.35±0.29 | 0.15±0.16 | 0.021 |
| Placebo | 0.34±0.27 | 0.41±0.27 | 0.866 |
| P value§ | 0.935 | 0.017 | |
± Values are mean±SD.
*Probiotic/placebo.
†Within-group comparison at 0–12 mo by Wilcoxon Signed-rank test.
‡Between-group comparison at 0 mo and at 12 mo by Mann-Whitney Test.
IL, interleukin; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; mo, months.