Smoking status by disease
| Status | Crohn’s disease, n=269 | Ulcerative colitis, n=196 | Significant p value |
| Never smoker | 112 | 106 | |
| Ever-smoker | 157 | 90 | 0.008 |
| Cigarette use | |||
| Ex-smoker | 99 | 75 | |
| Current smoker | 58 | 15 | <0.001 |
| E-cigarette use | |||
| Ex e-cigarette user | 8 | 5 | |
| Current e-cigarette user | 9 | 6 | 0.948 |