Baseline characteristics of 1893 men according to FLI categories
| Characteristic (No.) | FLI<30 Mean (SD) or n (%) N=847 | FLI=30–<60 Mean (SD) or n (%) N=571 | FLI≥60 Mean (SD) or n (%) N=475 | P trend* |
| FLI (n=1893) | 16.2 (7.7) (N=847) | 43.4 (8.2) (N=571) | 77.51 (11.2) (N=475) | <0.001 |
| Constitutional factors | ||||
| Age in years (n=1893) | 52.6 (5.6) | 53.5 (5.5) | 52.8 (5.6) | 0.113 |
| Family history of diabetes | 217 (25.6%) | 156 (27.3%) | 144 (30.3%) | 0.074 |
| Family history of CVD | 675 (79.7%) | 474 (83.0%) | 397 (83.6%) | 0.053 |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||
| Smoking (pack years) | 8.66 (17.01) | 7.78 (15.94) | 6.91 (14.20) | 0.24 |
| Alcohol consumption category (g/week) | 55 (88) | 77 (116) | 115 (163) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (Energy exp.) (kcal/day) | 136.1 (156.3) | 146.8 (173.6) | 135.3 (199.6) | 0.33 |
| Fruit, berry and vegetable consumption (g/day) | 165.8 (148.1) | 163.9 (142.0) | 145.4 (141.9) | 0.001 |
| Anthropometrics and physiological measurements | ||||
| Mean waist circumference (cm) | 83.9 (6.1) | 92.70 (5.24) | 102.4 (8.6) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 (2.0) | 27.3 (1.93) | 30.9 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 128.7 (16.1) | 133.7 (15.8) | 139.8 (16.6) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 84.7 (9.9) | 89.3 (9.8) | 92.8 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 267 (31.5%) | 289 (50.6%) | 314 (66.1%) | <0.001 |
| Biomarkers | ||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.5 (0.7) | 4.7 (0.7) | 5.3 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| HOMA1-IR insulin resistance | 1.91 (0.93) | 2.70 (1.27) | 4.82 (3.93) | <0.001 |
| Serum Insulin mU/L | 8.3 (3.0) | 11.3 (4.5) | 17.8 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.71 (1.07) | 5.92 (1.01) | 6.02 (1.08) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.38 (0.32) | 1.25 (0.27) | 1.19 (0.27) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.92 (1.01) | 4.94 (0.96) | 3.96 (0.95) | 0.04 |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.93 (0.40) | 1.36 (0.62) | 1.98 (1.09) | <0.001 |
| Serum triglyceride mg/dL | 82.7 (35.6) | 120.3 (55.0) | 175.5 (96.7) | <0.001 |
| Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 18 (11) | 28 (20) | 53 (52) | <0.001 |
| Serum fibrinogen (g/L) | 2.92 (0.58) | 3.06 (0.57) | 3.14 (0.58) | <0.001 |
| C reactive protein (m/L) | 1.88 (4.45) | 2.69 (4.74) | 3.31 (4.32) | <0.001 |
| Serum ferritin (μg/L) | 127 (91) | 174 (178) | 262 (194) | <0.001 |
| Leucocyte count ×109/L | 5.4 (1.6) | 5.7 (1.5) | 6.0 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Thrombocyte count ×109/L | 5.2 (1.5) | 5.6 (1.4) | 5.7 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| Baseline morbidity and drug history | ||||
| History of CVD | 275 | 197 | 216 | <0.001 |
| History of cancer | 10 | 14 | 10 | 0.129 |
| Drug for high cholesterol | 7 | 2 | 6 | 0.623 |
| Drug for hypertension | 117 | 134 | 176 | <0.001 |
*Jonckheere trend test for continuous variable. χ² linear-by-linear association for categorical variables.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; FLI, fatty liver index.