Objectives: It has recently been suggested that maternal ulcerative colitis is associated with an almost 4-fold increased risk of congenital abnormalities in offspring. We therefore examined the risk of congenital abnormalities in children born to women with ulcerative colitis.
Methods: This was a case-control study within the Hungarian Case Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980-1996, based on 22,843 newborn children or fetuses with congenital abnormalities and 38,151 children without any detected congenital abnormalities (the control group).
Results: Seventy-one pregnant women (0.3%) had ulcerative colitis in the case group and 95 (0.2%) in the control group. The adjusted overall risk for having a child with congenital abnormalities in women with ulcerative colitis was OR = 1.3 (95% CI = 0.9-1.8). The risk of limb deficiencies, obstructive urinary congenital abnormalities, and multiple congenital abnormalities was OR = 6.2 (95% CI = 2.9-13.1), OR = 3.3 (95% CI = 1.1-9.5), and OR = 2.6 (95% CI = 1.3-5.4), respectively. No association was found for cleft lip with or without cleft palate or cardiovascular defects.
Conclusions: We found no significantly increased overall risk of congenital abnormalities in children born to women with ulcerative colitis. However, our results indicate an increased risk of some selected congenital abnormalities (limb deficiencies, obstructive urinary congenital abnormalities, and multiple congenital abnormalities). More data are needed to determine whether the association between maternal ulcerative colitis and an increased risk of certain congenital abnormalities is causal or is influenced by bias.