Basic–alimentary tractGastroesophageal Reflux Disease–Associated Esophagitis Induces Endogenous Cytokine Production Leading to Motor Abnormalities
Section snippets
Patient Population and Procurement of Endoscopic Mucosal Biopsy Specimens
Mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained during videoendoscopy from the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the esophagus of patients with a clinical history compatible with GERD and patients with other non-GERD symptoms requiring upper endoscopic examination According to the endoscopic appearance of the esophageal mucosa, patients were divided into 2 groups (Table 1). The first group included subjects with symptoms of GERD and clear endoscopic and histologic signs of reflux esophagitis (n = 26),
Enhanced Production of IL-1β and IL-6 in Mucosal Biopsy Specimens of Esophagitis Patients
The nature of the tissue response in patients with GERD symptoms or reflux esophagitis-associated inflammation is poorly defined. By using a mucosal biopsy organ culture system, we initially investigated the production of cytokines with a broad spectrum of inflammatory activities, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as cytokines associated with tissue eosinophilia, including IL-4, IL-5, and eotaxin.34, 35 IL-1β was detected exclusively in the undernatants of mucosa obtained from patients
Discussion
Gastrointestinal inflammation can result in abnormal motility,4 but because each bowel segment displays different anatomic and functional characteristics, distinct inflammatory conditions trigger disturbances through different mechanisms. The motor disturbances seen in GERD suggest a direct cause-and-effect relationship with local inflammation, but the pathophysiologic basis for such a relationship still is unclear. The paucity of studies performed with human tissues and cells hampers progress
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2022, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In PracticeIsorhamnetin alleviates esophageal mucosal injury in a chronic model of reflux esophagitis
2019, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Our work firstly demonstrated that administration of isorhamnetin attenuated esophageal mucosal injury in rats with chronic RE. When compared to that of healthy individuals, larger amounts of various cytokines including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were produced in the mucosa of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (Isomoto et al., 2003; Mönkemüller et al., 2009; Rieder et al., 2007), which promoted recruitment and migration of inflammatory cells and contributed to GERD complications including fibrosis, motility abnormalities, and carcinogenesis (Altomare et al., 2013). Isorhamnetin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect in several pathological models (Dou et al., 2014; Qi et al., 2018; Li et al., 2016, 2017).
Contributions From Gastroenterology: Acid Peptic Disorders, Barrett's Esophagus and Eosinophilic Esophagitis
2018, GastroenterologyCitation Excerpt :Other studies reported in Gastroenterology have shown that GERD can cause esophageal motor abnormalities through cytokine-mediated processes. For example, Rieder et al14 reported that motor disorders of the esophagus might result from esophageal mucosal production of proinflammatory cytokines. Using a combination of patient-derived esophageal mucosal biopsies, human cell lines, human gastric juice, and feline circular smooth muscle strips, these investigators found that (1) mucosal biopsies from patients with reflux esophagitis produced proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and IL-6, which can reduce esophageal muscle contractility, (2) esophageal squamous cells, fibroblasts, and muscle cells secrete cytokines upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli in vitro, (3) human gastric juice can induce cytokine production by esophageal squamous cells, and (4) cytokines secreted by esophageal squamous cells from patients with reflux esophagitis diminish contraction in esophageal circular smooth muscle.
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Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (DK30399 and DK50984 to C.F.; DK57030 to P.B.). The authors acknowledge the contribution of the Institute of Pathology of University Hospitals of Cleveland. Tissue samples were provided by the Human Tissue Procurement Facility of University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio.