Mortality among patients with systemic corticosteroid use, regardless of use of intestinal acting or inhaled corticosteroids compared with non-use
| Corticosteroid use | Period | Absolute risk (95% CI) | Rate per 1000 PYRs (95% CI) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR* (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-use | 7 days | 4.4 (3.8 to 5.1) | 6.46 (5.47 to 7.44) | ||
| 30 days | 8.8 (7.9 to 9.7) | 3.12 (2.78 to 3.45) | |||
| 90 days | 11.9 (10.9 to 12.9) | 1.46 (1.33 to 1.60) | |||
| 1 year | 15.6 (14.4 to 16.8) | 0.51 (0.47 to 0.55) | |||
| Current use | 7 days | 14.2 (11.4 to 17.6) | 21.81 (16.70 to 26.92) | 3.38 (2.56 to 4.47) | 2.10 (1.52 to 2.90) |
| 30 days | 27.9 (24.2 to 32.1) | 11.53 (9.60 to 13.45) | 3.56 (2.92 to 4.35) | 1.96 (1.56 to 2.47) | |
| 90 days | 36.6 (32.5 to 41.0) | 5.71 (4.87 to 6.54) | 3.59 (3.02 to 4.27) | 1.97 (1.62 to 2.41) | |
| 1 year | 47.6 (43.2 to 52.1) | 2.22 (1.93 to 2.50) | 3.75 (3.22 to 4.38) | 2.05 (1.72 to 2.45) | |
| New use | 7 days | 15.7 (10.3 to 23.5) | 24.20 (13.32 to 35.09) | 3.75 (2.33 to 6.03) | 2.88 (1.77 to 4.70) |
| 30 days | 31.4 (23.9 to 40.5) | 13.46 (9.18 to 17.73) | 4.09 (2.92 to 5.73) | 2.72 (1.92 to 3.85) | |
| 90 days | 46.3 (37.9 to 55.6) | 7.87 (5.81 to 9.93) | 4.75 (3.60 to 6.28) | 3.06 (2.29 to 4.09) | |
| 1 year | 52.5 (43.9 to 61.7) | 2.83 (2.13 to 3.53) | 4.43 (3.41 to 5.75) | 2.89 (2.21 to 3.79) | |
| Chronic use | 7 days | 13.7 (10.6 to 17.6) | 21.04 (15.27 to 26.81) | 3.26 (2.38 to 4.46) | 1.89 (1.30 to 2.74) |
| 30 days | 26.8 (22.6 to 31.6) | 10.93 (8.79 to 13.07) | 3.40 (2.71 to 4.25) | 1.68 (1.29 to 2.19) | |
| 90 days | 33.4 (28.8 to 38.4) | 5.08 (4.18 to 5.97) | 3.23 (2.65 to 3.94) | 1.58 (1.25 to 2.00) | |
| 1 year | 45.9 (40.9 to 51.2) | 2.05 (1.74 to 2.36) | 3.54 (2.98 to 4.21) | 1.74 (1.42 to 2.14) | |
| Recent use | 7 days | 6.1 (3.6 to 10.0) | 8.97 (4.27 to 13.67) | 1.39 (0.81 to 2.40) | 1.11 (0.63 to 1.95) |
| 30 days | 13.9 (10.0 to 19.1) | 5.12 (3.34 to 6.89) | 1.63 (1.13 to 2.34) | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.68) | |
| 90 days | 19.2 (14.7 to 24.9) | 2.53 (1.78 to 3.28) | 1.68 (1.24 to 2.30) | 1.17 (0.84 to 1.61) | |
| 1 year | 26.3 (21.0 to 32.6) | 0.95 (0.71 to 1.20) | 1.78 (1.36 to 2.33) | 1.23 (0.93 to 1.63) |
*HR adjusted for age, sex, use of cardiovascular medication, hypertension, COPD, liver disease or chronic pancreatitis, alcoholism-related diseases other than those affecting the liver or pancreas, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue disease, malignancies and modified Charlson Comorbidity Index score.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PYR, person year.