Summary and pathway overview of candidate genes included in this review
| Pathway | Gene symbol9 | Name9 | Cytogenetic location9 | Studies (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipid metabolism | PNPLA3 | Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 | 22q13.31 | 11 |
| LPIN1 | Lipin 1 | 2p25.1 | 1 | |
| PPARA | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α | 22q13.31 | 2 | |
| PPARG | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ | 3p25.2 | 5 | |
| PPARGC1A | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, coactivator 1 α | 4p15.2 | 1 | |
| Lipoprotein transport and metabolism | APOC3 | Apolipoprotein C-III | 11q23.3 | 2 |
| APOE | Apolipoprotein E | 19q13.32 | 4 | |
| OLR1 (LOX-1) | Oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 | 12p13.2 | 1 | |
| PEMT | Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase | 17p11.2 | 2 | |
| MTTP | Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein | 4q23 | 5 | |
| Cholesterol biosynthesis | SREBPF1 | Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 | 17p11.2 | 1 |
| SREBPF2 | Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 | 22q13.2 | 1 | |
| Oxidative stress | SOD2 | Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial | 6q25.3 | 2 |
| UCP3 | Uncoupling protein 3 | 11q13.4 | 1 | |
| GCLC | Glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit | 6p12.1 | 1 | |
| Inflammatory response | TNF | Tumour necrosis factor | 6p21.33 | 7 |
| IFNL3 (IL28B) | Interferon λ 3 | 19q13.2 | 1 | |
| IL6 | Interleukin 6 | 7p15.3 | 1 | |
| IL1 | Interleukin 1 | 2q13 | 1 | |
| CD14 | CD14 molecule | 5q31.3 | 1 | |
| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 | 9q33.1 | 1 | |
| MIF | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor) | 22q11.23 | 1 | |
| ADRB3 | Adrenoceptor β 3 | 8p11.23 | 1 | |
| Metabolic hormones | ADIPOQ | Adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing | 3q27.3 | 3 |
| LEPR | Leptin receptor | 1p31.3 | 2 | |
| Metabolism—transcription factors | STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 | 17q21.2 | 1 |
| CLOCK | Clock circadian regulator | 4q12 | 1 | |
| MTHFR | Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) | 1p36.22 | 2 | |
| KLF6 | Kruppel-like factor 6 | 10p15.1 | 1 | |
| CHUK | conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase | 10q24.31 | 1 | |
| Hepatic iron accumulation | HFE | Haemochromatosis | 6p22.2 | 6 |
| TMPRSS6 | Transmembrane protease, serine 6 | 22q12.3 | 1 | |
| Profibrogenic factors | AGT | Angiotensinogen | 1q42.2 | 1 |
| AGTR1 | Angiotensin II receptor, type 1 | 3q24 | 2 | |
| TGFB1 | Transforming growth factor, β 1 | 19q13.2 | 1 | |
| SERPINE 1 (PAI-1) | Serine peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1 | 7q22.1 | 1 | |
| Glucose homoeostasis | IRS1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 | 2q36.3 | 1 |
| ENPP1 (PC-1) | Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 | 6q23.2 | 2 | |
| GCKR | Glucokinase regulator | 2p23.3 | 1 | |
| TCF7L2 | Transcription factor 7-like 2 | 10q25.2-q25.3 | 1 | |
| Neurological | CNR1 | Cannabinoid receptor 1 | 6q15 | 1 |
| CNR2 | Cannabinoid receptor 2 | 1p36.11 | 1 | |
| NCAN | Neurocan | 19p13.11 | 1 | |
| Miscellaneous | TM6SF2 | Transmembrane 6, superfamily member 2 | 19p13.3-p12 | 3 |
| SPINK1 | Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 | 5q32 | 1 | |
| ABCB11 | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 11 | 2q31.1 | 1 | |
| NR1H4 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 | 12q23.1 | 1 | |
| CYP2E1 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily E, polypeptide 1 | 10q26.3 | 1 | |
| NR1I2 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 | 3q12–q13.3 | 1 | |
| FABP2 | Fatty acid-binding protein 2, intestinal | 4q26 | 1 | |
| SLC27A5 | Fatty acid transport protein 5 | 19q13.43 | ||
| CHDH | Choline dehydrogenase | 3p21.1 | 1 | |
| SAMM50 | Sorting and assembly machinery component | 22q13.31 | 1 | |
| GWAS | FDFT1 | Farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 | 8p23.1 | 1 |
| EFCAB4B | EF-hand calcium-binding domain 4B | 12p13.32 | 1 | |
| LTBP3 | Latent transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) binding protein | 11q13.1 | 1 | |
| SLC2A1 | Solute carrier family 2, member 1 | 1p34.2 | 1 | |
| COL13A1 | Collagen, type XIII, α 1 | 10q22.1 | 1 | |
| LYPLAL1 | Lysophospholipase-like 1 | 8q11.23 | 1 | |
| PPP1R3B | Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3B | 8p23.1 | 1 | |
| PARVB | Parvin, β | 22q13.31 | 1 | |
| GCKR | Glucokinase regulator | 2p23.3 | 2 |
Highlighted genes indicate associations that have been replicated in more than one histologically characterised cohort.
GWAS, genome-wide association study.